Provided herein are in situ generated conformationally constrained peptide arrays, methods for synthesizing such arrays, and methods, systems and assays comprising the use of the synthesized constrained peptide arrays for characterizing protein-target Interactions including: antibody-target interactions, receptor agonist interactions, receptor antagonist interactions, enzyme substrate interactions, enzyme inhibitor interactions, and other protein-protein interactions.

The present disclosure provides modified antibodies which contain an antibody or antibody fragment (AB) modified with a masking moiety (MM). Such modified antibodies can be further coupled to a cleavable moiety (CM), resulting in activatable antibodies (AAs), wherein the CM is capable of being cleaved, reduced, photolysed, or otherwise modified. AAs can exhibit an activatable conformation such that the AB is more accessible to a target after, for example, removal of the MM by cleavage, reduction, or photolysis of the CM in the presence of an agent capable of cleaving, reducing, or photolysing the CM. The disclosure further provides methods of making and using such modified antibodies and activatable antibodies.

Compositions and methods are provided for the identification of peptide sequences that are ligands for a T cell receptor (TCR) of interest, in a given MHC context.

Compositions and methods are provided for the identification of peptide sequences that are ligands for a T cell receptor (TCR) of interest, in a given MHC context.

The invention relates to novel libraries of linear and cyclic peptides, and methods of generating and screening such libraries for biological, pharmaceutical and other uses.

It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Accordingly, these compounds can be used as modulators of TNF. A new assay for identifying compounds with this mechanism of action is also disclosed.

Methods for making a combinatorial antibody library from human germline segments are provided. Also provided are libraries of nucleic acid molecules compiled from germline segments encoding VL chains and libraries of nucleic acid molecules encoding VH chains, and resulting antibody libraries. The libraries are provided as addressable libraries. Methods for screening antibody libraries against a target protein antigen, and the identified or selected antibodies are provided.

Protein arrays and their use to assay, in a parallel fashion, the protein products of highly homologous or related DNA coding sequences and described. By highly homologous or related it is meant those DNA coding sequences which share a common sequence and which differ only by one or more naturally occurring mutations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions or insertions, or those sequences which are considered to be haplotypes. Such highly homologous or related DNA coding sequences are generally naturally occurring variants of the same gene. Arrays according to the invention have two or more individual proteins deposited in a spatially defined pattern on a surface in a form whereby a property such as an activity or function of the proteins can be investigated or assayed in parallel by interrogation of the array.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that can be used to determine a peptide signature for an antibody repertoire in a sample comprising multiple antibodies. The method can be used to characterize a phenotype in a sample, such as providing a diagnosis, prognosis or theranosis of a medical condition.

A low-molecular-weight compound (IL-17 activity inhibitor) having an IL-17 activity-inhibiting ability. The IL-17RA inhibitor is a compound which can bind to interleukin 17 receptor A (IL-17RA) through a non-covalent interaction including at least one intermolecular interaction selected from the group that includes a van der Waals force acting among at least 13 amino acid residues selected from amino acid residues Phe60, Gln87, Asp121, Pro122, Asp123, Gln124, Asp153, Cys154, Glu155, Lys160, Pro164, Cys16 5, Ser167, Ser168, Gly169, Ser170, Leu171, Trp172, Asp173, Pro174, Pro254, Phe256, Ser258, Cys 259, Asp262, Cys263, Leu264 and His266 contained in, for example, an extracellular domain of human IL-17RA and preferably consists of an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, a CH- interaction and a hydrophobic interaction each acting among specified amino acid residues among the above-mentioned amino acid residues in a space surrounded by the above-mentioned amino acid residues, and which has an activity to inhibit the binding of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) to IL-17RA originated from human or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug of the compound.