The present invention generally pertains to methods of determining protein-ligand stoichiometries. In particular, the present invention pertains to the use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to quantify the cross-correlation and auto-correlation times of proteins and their ligands, which can then be used to determine their protein-ligand hydrodynamic radius.

The present invention relates to novel compounds that are photo-crosslinked by visible light and spatiotemporal proximity photo-crosslinking by visible light activation (spotlight) using the same. When a target nucleic acid or target protein is bound to the novel compounds by the property of being photo-crosslinked to the proximal protein or peptide by irradiation with visible light and it is irradiated with visible light, the novel compounds according to the present invention can be photo-crosslinked with a protein or peptide that physically interacts with the target protein or target nucleic acid, and thus, there are advantages in that it is possible to overcome diffusive labeling, which is a limitation of the conventional proximity labeling technology, by photo-crosslinking by visible light irradiation, which is a safe method for a living body, and to improve the accuracy of protein interactome identification.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

The disclosure relates to a method for selecting, isolating and/or recovering a peptide or polypeptide from a library or a repertoire of peptides and polypeptides (e.g., a display system) that is resistant to degradation by a protease such as a protease found in the serum. Generally, the method comprises providing a library or repertoire of peptides or polypeptides, incubating the library or repertoire with a protease under conditions suitable for protease activity, and selecting, isolating and/or recovering a peptide or polypeptide that is resistant to degradation by the protease and has a desired biological activity. The selected peptides and polypeptides have utility as therapeutics, e.g., for treating disease in humans.

The present invention relates to novel methods of generating and screening for chimeric polypeptides, which can be used in the treatment and prophylaxis of pathogenic bacterial contamination, colonization and infection. The novel methods are based on random recombination of protein domains, and the chimeric polypeptides obtainable by the methods according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise at least one enzymatic active domain (EAD) and at least one cell binding domain (CBD). The present invention also relates to a library of chimeric polypeptides obtainable by the methods of the present invention.

Flow apparatuses comprising a separation channel, a downstream flow separator, a detection zone, an observation zone, and a waste channel. The separation channel has first and second flows in contact and allows lateral movement of components between contacting first and second flows. The downstream flow separator is in communication with the separation channel and diverts a part of the first fluid flow, the second fluid flow, or both, from the separation channel. The detection zone comprises a detection channel downstream of and in communication with the flow separator and configured to receive a plurality of diverted flows from the flow separator and a label channel configured to label the diverted flows from the flow separator. The observation zone is configured to record an analytical signal indicative of the quantity and the electrical properties of the component. The waste channel is at the downstream end of the observation zone.

A method for analyzing macromolecules, including peptides, polypeptides, and proteins, employing nucleic acid encoding is disclosed.

The present disclosure provides polynucleotide conjugates, methods, and assay systems for use in detecting the presence, absence, and/or amount of an analyte in a sample. Various polynucleotide conjugates, conjugate pairs, sets, libraries, and assay systems comprising the same are disclosed. In particular, methods and assay systems for antibody detection and analysis are provided. For example, assays capable of high levels of multiplexing are used for antibody detection and analysis in a biological sample, e.g., Lyme disease patient samples. The presently disclosed polynucleotide conjugates, methods, and assay systems can be used to provide sensitive and reliable diagnosis, even at early stages of a disease or condition. Use for monitoring disease progression and prognosis is also disclosed.

Disclosed is a system for observing the conformational change in a protein, which includes a sensing element which is configured to amplify an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency; a light irradiation unit which is configured to irradiate a photoreceptor protein solution coated on the sensing element with light; an electromagnetic wave irradiation unit which allows an electromagnetic wave to be incident in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the sensing element; a detection unit which is configured to detect an electromagnetic wave reflected from the bottom surface of the sensing element; and a control unit which is configured to observe the conformational change in the photoreceptor protein based on the detected electromagnetic wave.

Methods and devices for identifying agents that block binding or activation of peripheral membrane proteins are disclosed.