The invention generally relates to systems and methods for on-line reaction monitoring. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems that include a reaction vessel having an outlet, a quantitation unit coupled to the outlet and configured to introduce internal standard and solvent into reaction solution flowed from the reaction vessel, one or more ion generating devices that receive flow from the quantitation unit, and a mass spectrometer. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for multiple reaction monitoring that include a plurality of reaction vessels, a plurality of ion generating devices, a plurality of channels, each channel coupling a reaction vessel to an ion generating device, an actuator coupled to the plurality of ion generating devices to thereby allow movement of the plurality of ion generating devices, and a mass spectrometer

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

Methods of determining the stoichiometry of a viral capsid and/or determining the heterogeneity of protein components in a viral capsid are disclosed.

The field of this invention relates to immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the targeted detection and mapping of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and miRNAs) in tissues or cells for example, for research use and for clinical use such by pathologists (e.g., biomarker analyses of a resected tumor or tumor biopsy). In particular, the use of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) as a mode to detect and map the biomolecules in tissues or cells for example. More specifically, the field of this invention relates to photocleavable mass-tag reagents which are attached to probes such as antibodies and nucleic acids and used to achieve multiplex immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, with MSI as the mode of detection/readout. Probe types other than antibodies and nucleic acids are also covered in the field of invention, including but not limited to carbohydrate-binding proteins (e.g., lectins), receptors and ligands. Finally, the field of the invention also encompasses multi-omic MSI procedures, where MSI of photocleavable mass-tag probes is combined with other modes of MSI, such as direct label-free MSI of endogenous biomolecules from the biospecimen (e.g., tissue), whereby said biomolecules can be intact or digested (e.g., chemically digested or by enzyme).

The field of this invention relates to immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the targeted detection and mapping of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and miRNAs) in tissues or cells for example, for research use and for clinical use such by pathologists (e.g., biomarker analyses of a resected tumor or tumor biopsy). In particular, the use of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) as a mode to detect and map the biomolecules in tissues or cells for example. More specifically, the field of this invention relates to photocleavable mass-tag reagents which are attached to probes such as antibodies and nucleic acids and used to achieve multiplex immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, with MSI as the mode of detection/readout. Probe types other than antibodies and nucleic acids are also covered in the field of invention, including but not limited to carbohydrate-binding proteins (e.g., lectins), receptors and ligands. Finally, the field of the invention also encompasses multi-omic MSI procedures, where MSI of photocleavable mass-tag probes is combined with other modes of MSI, such as direct label-free MSI of endogenous biomolecules from the biospecimen (e.g., tissue), whereby said biomolecules can be intact or digested (e.g., chemically digested or by enzyme).

The field of this invention relates to immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the targeted detection and mapping of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and miRNAs) in tissues or cells for example, for research use and for clinical use such by pathologists (e.g., biomarker analyses of a resected tumor or tumor biopsy). In particular, the use of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) as a mode to detect and map the biomolecules in tissues or cells for example. More specifically, the field of this invention relates to photocleavable mass-tag reagents which are attached to probes such as antibodies and nucleic acids and used to achieve multiplex immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, with MSI as the mode of detection/readout. Probe types other than antibodies and nucleic acids are also covered in the field of invention, including but not limited to carbohydrate-binding proteins (e.g., lectins), receptors and ligands. Finally, the field of the invention also encompasses multi-omic MSI procedures, where MSI of photocleavable mass-tag probes is combined with other modes of MSI, such as direct label-free MSI of endogenous biomolecules from the biospecimen (e.g., tissue), whereby said biomolecules can be intact or digested (e.g., chemically digested or by enzyme).

Methods are described for measuring the amount of a vitamin B2 in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying vitamin B2 in a sample utilizing on-line extraction methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric techniques.

Disclosed herein are methods for identifying novel drug candidates.