The present invention relates to a method for high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of biomolecules by using mass spectrometry and, more specifically, to a method for high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of proteins such as miRNA or antigens by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), or laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry. The method for high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of biomolecules by using mass spectrometry, according to the present invention, enables high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of biomolecules by using surface mass spectrometry, and the method is expected to be used for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases by quantifying, from a biosample, a target probe such as miRNA which is known as a disease marker.

The present disclosure provides a multi-analyte column comprising at least four layers least four layers of multiplexer inhibitor beads, wherein each layer has specific binding affinity for multiple kinases, and methods of generating a kinome profile of a cell, of diagnosing cancer based on the kinome profile of a patient, of determining a cancer treatment regimen, assessing a treatment regimen, or improving the effectiveness of a treatment regimen based on the kinome profile of a patient, and methods for predicting the development of resistance to a chemotherapy regimen based on the kinome profile of a patient.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

An ion detector comprises a surface configured to receive one or more ions and a detector configured to detect one or more ions by detecting electromagnetic radiation scattered by one or more ions at the surface.

Provided herein are methods of using 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) in predicting the clinical sensitivity to treatment of bile acid-related and associated disorders with treatment peptides, such as variants of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics) and fusions of FGF19 and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), and variants of fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21 proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics).

A method for absolute protein or peptide quantitation by mass spectroscopy. A sample containing a protein or peptide of interest is prepared for mass spectroscopy analysis. The sample is subjected to mass spectroscopy analysis at low resolution whereby a single additive mass spectroscopy peak is obtained, then is subjected to high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis whereby a plurality of mass spectroscopy peaks are obtained. The intensity of each of the plurality of mass spectroscopy peaks is quantitated either by comparison to an internal standard set, or by using a standard curve generated for each isotopologue set. Quantitation using a standard curve enhances quantitation across a dynamic range of analyte.

The present disclosure provides sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

A method comprises: aspirating a sample through a needle capillary into a chamber having first and second windows, the capillary and chamber both affixed to a moveable robotic arm; causing a light beam generated by a light source that is affixed to the robotic arm to pass through the sample between the windows; detecting, using a photodetector that is affixed to the robotic arm, a quantity of the light that passes through the sample and the windows; determining an optical absorbance of the sample and a concentration of an analyte in the sample from the detected quantity of light; determining a quantity of the sample to dispense into an analytical apparatus based on the determined concentration; moving the robotic arm so as to cause the needle capillary to mate with an inlet port of an analytical apparatus; and dispensing the determined quantity of the sample into the analytical apparatus.

A method of analyzing a population of cells is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the method includes i) obtaining an array of cells on a substrate, wherein the cells are labeled with one or more mass tags and are separated from one another, ii) measuring, using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), the abundance of the one or more mass tags at a plurality of locations occupied by the cells, thereby generating, for each individual cell measured, a set of data, and iii) outputting the set of data for each of the cells analyzed. Also provided herein are systems that find use in performing the subject method. In some embodiments, the system is an automated system for analyzing a population of cells using SIMS.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.