The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

Methods for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma include administering a polypeptide antagonist of a Na/K ATPase/Src receptor complex to a subject in need thereof. Methods and assays for diagnosis or prognosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject are also provided and include the steps of providing a biological sample from the subject, determining an expression level or activity in the sample of at least one biomarker selected from Caveolin-1, Survivin, and SMAC; and comparing the expression level or activity of the at least one biomarker in the sample, if present, to a control expression level or activity of the at least one biomarker. Prophylaxis or treatment of the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject can then be initiated based on the expression level or activity of Caveolin-1, Survivin, and SMAC in the sample.

The present disclosure relates to compounds useful for the detection or modulation of target nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. The present disclosure further relates to methods for treatment of trinucleotide repeat disorders, which can include administration of oligonucleotide analogues that can bind pathogenic nucleotide repeats in DNA or RNA.

To provide a method for discriminating a microorganism including: a step of subjecting a sample containing a microorganism to mass spectrometry to obtain a mass spectrum; a reading step of reading a mass-to-charge ratio m/z of a peak derived from a marker protein from the mass spectrum; and a discrimination step of discriminating which bacterial species of Escherichia coli, Shigella bacteria, and Escherichia albertii the microorganism contained in the sample contains based on the mass-to-charge ratio m/z, in which at least one of 13 ribosomal proteins S5, L15, S13, L31, L22, L19, L20, L13, S15, L25, HNS, HdeB, and L29 is used as the marker protein.

An apparatus is disclosed including a tool comprising a first device for generating aerosol from a target, the first device being deployed through an opening in a tubing of the tool, wherein the tubing is provided with aspiration ports or fenestrations such that the generated aerosol is aspirated into the tubing via the aspiration ports or fenestrations. The aspirated aerosol is then transferred to a mass spectrometer for subsequent mass analysis.

In a method for analyzing a microorganism using a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer, a matrix-and-additive mixture solution prepared by mixing one or both of an alkylphosphonic acid and a surfactant with a matrix substance is used for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization. Either an alkylphosphonic acid or a surfactant, or both of them are used as matrix additives and are mixed with the matrix substance beforehand to prepare a matrix-and-additive mixture solution. After a solution which contains a microorganism to be analyzed has been dropped onto a sample plate, the matrix-and-additive mixture solution is dropped onto that solution and dried to form a mixed crystal which contains both the constituents of the microorganism and the matrix substance. This crystal is used as a sample for MALDI-MS analysis. The sensitivity of analysis is thereby improved, without increasing the amount of time and labor required for sample preparation.

A system and method for using new biomarkers to assess individual diseases is provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, absolute quantification of annotated metabolites by mass spectrometry is used to identify certain biomarkers and derivatives thereof (i.e., signatures), which are then used to screen for, diagnose, predict, prognose, and treat various diseases, including, but not limited to, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and acute graft-versus-host disease.

The present disclosure relates to compounds useful for the detection or modulation of target nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. The present disclosure further relates to methods for treatment of trinucleotide repeat disorders, which can include administration of oligonucleotide analogues that can bind pathogenic nucleotide repeats in DNA or RNA.

A proteomic expression platform to identify age-related sepsis risk is disclosed using patients with an intra-abdominal infection. A semi-quantitative plasma proteomics workflow was applied which incorporated tandem immuno affinity depletion, iTRAQ labeling, strong cation exchange fractionation, and nanoflow-liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. A protein profile was determined that exhibit statistically significant differences in expression levels amongst patients with severe sepsis as a function of age. Representative pathways that are differentially-expressed include, but are not limited to, acute phase response, coagulation signaling, atherosclerosis signaling, lipid metabolism, and production of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species.

Microarray compositions suitable for analysis by one or several spectrographic methods are disclosed. In an embodiment, a microarray composition includes a three-dimensional solid support and a plurality of reactive microbeads positioned on the solid support in spatially distinct and addressable locations.