A composition has effects for promoting endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy, a composition for maintaining ER homeostasis or reducing ER stress, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating ER-stress-related diseases. The composition contains a p62 ligand compound as an active ingredient. The p62 ligand compound can modulate p62 to interact with a receptor associated with autophagic degradation of ER component, modulate oligomerization and/or aggregation of the receptor, modulate formation of autophagosomes, and the like. Thus, uses of p62 ligand compound in inducing ER-autophagy are provided.

The present invention provides genetic markers associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD), diagnostic and treatment methods for AD, and kits for diagnosing AD.

Provided herein is a method comprising detecting and quantifying the amount of at least two proteins in a serum sample obtained from a subject suffering from a motor neuron disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The method may be used to treat the subject by measuring a change in concentration of the at least two or more proteins in the serum sample over a duration of time and administering a treatment to the subject based upon the change in concentration. The two or more proteins may be APOC3, APOF, C8B, C8G, IGHG3, ITIH3, QSOX1, SERPINA10, SERPINA5, VWF, APOA2, APOA4, APOD, APOL1, C4B, CLEC3B3, CLU, APCS, BCHE, CIR, CFH, GP1BA, PROS1, SERPINA4, SEPP1, A2M, AGT, C1RL, CD14, FCN2, SERPINA1, SERPINF2, APOA1, and/or IGFBP3.

The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease, comprising a phospholipase C (PLC) activator as an active ingredient. A composition comprising the PLC activator of the present invention as an active ingredient restores the S-eCB mobilization suppressed by AβO, recovers the synaptic plasticity impaired by AβO, and not only recovers PLCβ1 protein levels to normal levels in AβO-treated mouse hippocampal slices and 5XFAD mouse hippocampal slices in the chronic stage of AD, but also recovers contextual fear memory impairment in AD mice, and thus is expected to be usefully used for preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease.

The invention provides antibodies that specifically bind to transthyretin (TTR). The antibodies can be used for treating or effecting prophylaxis of diseases or disorders associated with TTR accumulation or accumulation of TTR deposits (e.g., TTR amyloidosis). The antibodies can also be used for diagnosing TTR amyloidosis and inhibiting or reducing aggregation of TTR, among other applications.

The invention relates to a method for preparing PHFs-like Tau aggregates and to a method for identifying compounds that are inhibitors of Tau protein aggregation, blockers of Tau seeding and propagation, and imaging agents that specifically bind PHF.

Disclosed herein are monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tau epitopes, particularly, microtubule binding domain region 2 or region 4. Also disclosed herein are antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof that specifically recognize a tau epitope consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or 11. Also disclosed herein are methods of detecting tau protein in a subject, comprising performing an assay using the antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof on the subject or on a biological sample obtained from the subject. Assay kits containing the disclosed antibodies are also provided. Further, methods of treating or preventing a tauopathy in a subject by administering to the subject tau antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof are provided.

A method of inhibiting phosphorylation of the tau protein and/or a TLR4-mediated immune response is disclosed. The method contemplates administering to cells in recognized need thereof such as cells of the central nervous system an effective amount of a of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that binds to a pentapeptide of filamin A (FLNA) of SEQ ID NO: 1, and contains at least four of the six pharmacophores of FIGS. 35-40.

The present description relates to methods for clinically assessing Parkinson's disease in a subject using protein biomarkers of erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EEV).

In one aspect, antibodies that specifically bind to a phosphorylated Rab protein are provided. In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a phosphorylated human Rab10 protein and recognizes an epitope within or comprising the sequence AGQERFH(pT)ITTSYYR (SEQ ID NO:123). In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a phosphorylated human Rab8a protein and recognizes an epitope within or comprising the sequence QERFR(pT)ITTAY (SEQ ID NO:125). Methods and materials for detecting LRRK2 and Rab protein are also provided.