A single-channel, chemical-immunological hybrid biosensor is disclosed. According to an embodiment, the hybrid biosensor includes a reaction strip 100 in the form of a porous membrane through which a sample 1 moves by capillary action. the reaction strip 100 is in the form of a porous membrane through which the sample 1 moves by capillary action. Biomarkers in the sample 1 are independently detected based on a chemical reaction and binding reactions on the reaction strip 100.

A haemoglobin test kit comprising: a lateral flow test strip having a sample collection portion, a conjugate portion and a plurality of test lines downstream of the conjugate portion, the conjugate portion comprising haemoglobin antibody conjugated with coloured particles to bind with haemoglobin in a sample fluid; wherein each test line comprises a different concentration of haemoglobin antibody, and wherein each test line comprises a particular concentration of haemoglobin antibody tuned to bind with haemoglobin in the sample fluid.

A semiconductor sensor includes: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and a semiconductor layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The semiconductor layer includes a semiconducting component to which target recognition molecules are bonded or attached, the target recognition molecule includes at least a target capture body X and a linking group L.sup.2, the target capture body X is a protein or nucleic acid having a molecular weight of 20,000 or higher and 200,000 or lower, and number of atom(s) N from the atom bonded to the semiconducting component or from the atom bonded to the group attached to the semiconducting component to the atom bonded to the atom originated from the target capture body X in the linking group L.sup.2 is 5 or more and 30 or less.

Provided is a reagent composition for measuring glycated hemoglobin to diagnose the presence or absence of diabetes and a method of measuring glycated hemoglobin using the same, and more particularly is a reagent composition for measuring glycated hemoglobin, the composition including a dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticle-boronic acid, and to a method of measuring glycated hemoglobin using the same. In the reagent composition for measuring the glycated hemoglobin, since a dye is encapsulated in silica nanoparticles, the inherent absorption wavelength of the dye is not affected by pH and the composition has excellent stability even when stored for one month or more.

With the present invention, glycoalbumin and hemoglobin A1c are measured in a blood sample, and the incidence of or the existence or non-existence of a development risk of Alzheimer's disease can then be determined based on the calculated glycoalbumin/hemoglobin A1c ratio. Compounds for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease can also be selected using this glycoalbumin/hemoglobin A1c ratio.

Disclosed is a measurement method for a glycated hemoglobin ratio. According to a measurement method for a glycated hemoglobin ratio of the present invention, reagents are easy and convenient to use because of their sequential leakage during the rotation of a cassette, are all discharged by the rotation with no remaining reagent, and are not mixed with each other. Therefore, measurement results are accurate, with fewer errors in the quantities of used reagents and sample blood.

During analyte analysis, errors may be introduced into an analysis by both the biosensor system used to perform the analysis and by errors in the output signal measured by the measurement device of the biosensor. For a reference sample, system error may be determined through the determination of relative error. However, during an analysis of a test sample with the measurement device of the biosensor system, true relative error cannot be known. A pseudo-reference concentration determined during the analysis may be used as a substitute for true relative error. The present invention introduces the determination of a pseudo-reference concentration determined during the analysis as a substitute for the true relative error and uses an anchor parameter to compensate for the system error in the analysis-determined pseudo-reference concentration.

The present invention relates to a separable cassette for measuring glycated hemoglobin. It is easy to use the separable cassette for measuring glycated hemoglobin of the present invention since a reagent is sequentially leaked during the rotation thereof. In addition, there is no need to shake the reagent beforehand, as the reagent without residual reagent is fully discharged by the rotation. Therefore, the measurement result is accurate because an error between the amount of the reagent used and the amount of sample blood is small.

A biomedical measuring device, such as a test strip, has a simple structure, by which analyte can be measured easily using a small amount of specimen. In embodiments, the test strip generally includes a plastic first film layer having structure defining an aperture for retaining the reacting components, a porous membrane coupled to an inner-facing surface of the first film layer and configured to reduce background signal, an absorbent pad coupled to the porous membrane and first film layer to sandwich the porous membrane therebetween, the absorbent pad being configured for rapid absorption, and a plastic second film layer coupled to the absorbent pad, the second film layer being configured to provide a barrier to prevent liquid from leaking out of the test strip during use. The test strip can be easily used with an optical sensing device coupled to or containing an analyzer device (or reader device) for quickly detecting and measuring the analyte concentration. In a particular embodiment, the analyte comprises glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c, and the optical reader device is configured to determine HbA1c concentration.

The present disclosure provided methods and systems for diagnosing diseases and monitoring their progression and therapeutic responses by detecting a presence or absence, or an increase or decrease, of one or more substances in a sample.