A display system includes a waveguide plate comprising an in-coupling grating, an expansion grating, and a sampling grating. The display system includes a projection system configured to direct input light toward the in-coupling grating. The in-coupling grating is configured to diffract the input light to propagate within the waveguide plate. The in-coupling grating is configured to (i) cause a display portion of the input light to propagate toward the expansion grating in a manner that avoids diffraction by the expansion grating and (ii) cause a sampling portion of the input light to propagate toward the sampling grating. The expansion grating is configured to (i) diffract the display portion of the input light to cause the display portion of the input light to continue to propagate within the waveguide plate. The sampling grating is configured to diffract the sampling portion of the input light outward from the waveguide plate.

Provided is a liquid crystal display device that can switch between the privacy mode and the public mode and achieve a high contrast ratio even during display in the privacy mode. The liquid crystal display panel includes: a liquid crystal panel; and a control circuit. The active matrix substrate sequentially includes a first substrate, a first electrode, a first insulating layer, and second electrodes each including a first linear electrode. The color filter substrate includes a second substrate, a black matrix, a color filter layer, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode which is disposed between the black matrix and the third electrode and to which constant voltage is applied. The third electrode includes second linear electrodes and overlaps a portion of the black matrix in a plan view. The control circuit switches between application of driving voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

The present disclosure provides techniques to reduce the appearance of an illuminated area on the world-side of lens of a head mounted display (HMD) caused by display light that is outcoupled away from a user. A perimeter region is added to surround a primary region of an outcoupler, where the primary region includes a primary grating structure with one or more grating features to direct display light to the field of view (FOV) area of the user of the HMD. The perimeter region includes a perimeter grating structure with a perimeter grating feature that changes across the width of the perimeter region. In this manner, the perimeter region provides a perimeter grating structure gradient that gradually reduces the intensity of outcoupled display light across the width of the perimeter region, thereby having the effect of “softening” the edges of the outcoupler to reduce its appearance to observers.

Provided are an optical element that can make the brightness of light emitted from a light guide plate uniform, a light guide element, and an image display device. The optical element includes a patterned cholesteric liquid crystal layer that is obtained by immobilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, in which the patterned cholesteric liquid crystal layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, and the patterned cholesteric liquid crystal layer has regions having different pitches of helical structures in a plane.

A diffractive waveguide stack includes first, second, and third diffractive waveguides for guiding light in first, second, and third visible wavelength ranges, respectively. The first diffractive waveguide includes a first material having first refractive index at a selected wavelength and a first target refractive index at a midpoint of the first visible wavelength range. The second diffractive waveguide includes a second material having a second refractive index at the selected wavelength and a second target refractive index at a midpoint of the second visible wavelength range. The third diffractive waveguide includes a third material having a third refractive index at the selected wavelength and a third target refractive index at a midpoint of the third visible wavelength range. A difference between any two of the first target refractive index, the second target refractive index, and the third target refractive index is less than 0.005 at the selected wavelength.

A light guide is provided for a lighting device of a vehicle. The light guide includes an entrance surface into which light can enter, at least one lateral exit surface from which a portion of the light that has entered can exit, an end region through which a portion of the light that has entered can exit. The end region is structured and/or shaped in such a way that a portion of light which laterally emerges from the region adjacent to the end region after reflection at or in the end region is reduced or minimised.

A lighting device includes light sources arranged in an arrangement direction, a first light guide plate, and a second light guide plate on the first light guide plate. The first light guide plate includes a first light entering surface, a first light exit surface, and a first light diffusion portion adding a diffusion action to light to be refracted and travel in a crossing direction crossing the arrangement direction. The second light guide plate includes a second light entering surface, a second light exit surface, and a second light diffusion portion adding a diffusion action to light to be refracted and travel in the arrangement direction seen from the normal direction of the second light exit surface. The second light diffusion portion includes first lenses that include ridgelines extending in the crossing direction and inclined portions inclined at an angle from 35° to 55° inclusive relative to the normal direction.

A lighting device including: a light guide, a reflecting sheet and a first prism sheet, in which a first white LED, a second white LED and a third white LED are disposed in a same interval on a first side surface and on a second side surface, which opposes to the first side surface, a first prism array extending in a first direction and arranged in a second direction is formed on the major surface, a second prism array extending in a second direction and arranged in a first direction is formed on the back surface, the reflecting sheet is disposed under the back surface of the light guide, the first prism sheet is disposed on the major surface of the light guide, and a third prism array, extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction is formed on the back surface of the first prism sheet.

Systems and methods for providing holographic waveguide display using integrated gratings in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a waveguide display including a source of light, and a first waveguide including a grating structure including first and second gratings, and an input coupler configured to couple a first field-of-view portion of light, and couple a second field-of-view portion of light, wherein the first grating is configured to provide beam expansion in a first direction for the first field-of-view portion of light, and provide beam expansion in the first direction and beam extraction towards a viewer for the second field-of-view portion of light, the second grating is configured to provide beam expansion in a second direction for the second field-of-view portion of light, and provide beam expansion in the second direction and beam extraction towards a viewer for the first field-of-view portion of light.

A light distributing device configured for, in use, distributing, over a scene to illuminate light rays that come from an auxiliary light source, and which comprises: a planar waveguide, with a core layer disposed between the two cladding layers; and an extraction set, located in the planar waveguide, and constituted by a plurality of diffraction gratings distributed in the two dimensions of a plane parallel to the plane of the planar waveguide.