A data storage device including, in one implementation, a non-volatile memory device having a memory block including a number of memory dies, and a controller coupled to the non-volatile memory device. An activity level of the data storage device is monitored to determine whether the data storage device is in an idle condition based on the monitored activity level. Background operations are performed in response to the data storage device being determined to be in an idle condition Relocation operations are then performed in response to determining that the data storage device remains in the idle condition, wherein the relocation operations are executed in an order based on a priority level associated with each of the relocation operations.

Storage devices can be configured to utilize one or more memory buffers located within a host-computing device. These host buffers may allow for faster access to some data, including control pages. However, host buffers are susceptible to fragmentation issues similarly to standard user memory arrays. As the data stored within the host buffers becomes more fragmented, performance can suffer. This performance loss in storage devices becomes more pronounced as the desired performance levels of these storage devices increase. Therefore, various methods and systems described herein manage fragmentation within host buffers by conducting one or more operations. These operations may include locating a continuous portion of allocated or unallocated memory within the host buffer and either swap or copy high-usage or high-priority data to those continuous portions. When continuous portions of host buffer memory are not available, relevant portions of data may be cashed within the storage device to increase performance.

The disclosed technology includes a storage system with a docking station configured to serve as an interface between a host computer and a portable data pack including multiple storage drives. The docking station includes a drive-side connection interface that provides a physical and electrical coupling to each of the multiple storage drives in the portable data pack, a RAID controller, and mode selection logic for directing communications in route between the host computer and a select drive of the multiple storage drives along one of two selectable paths within the docking station, the first path permitting the host computer to interact with the select drive through the RAID controller and the second path permitting the host computer to interact with the select drive along a data channel that bypasses the RAID controller.

In a computing system environment, a method for automated document creation by a dynamic content management system is described. A dynamic application programming interface (API) retrieves stored existing and/or persisting user data from a server and constructs a dynamic interview form template. The dynamic API pushes the dynamic template including the retrieved existing and/or persisting document data to a document form engine residing on a user computing device. The document form engine constructs one or more interview form pages from the pushed dynamic template and retrieved existing and/or persisting user data. Each element used to construct the one or more interview form pages is customized to each component of the document being constructed. The selected elements may be one or more of HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript™, or others.

A position-measuring device includes a graduation carrier having a measuring graduation, position measurement electronics, a data memory and a power supply. The data memory includes a first memory which is a volatile memory for storing additional data, a second memory which is a writable non-volatile memory, and a memory controller for controlling transfer and storage of additional data from the first into the second memory. The power supply includes an input stage, a first output stage for the position measurement electronics, a second output stage for the data memory, and a voltage monitor which will turn off the first output stage of the power supply in response to a drop below a minimum value and signal the drop to the memory controller by a backup signal. In response to the backup signal, the memory controller will transfer additional data from the first memory into the second memory.

An example adapter device includes a host-side connector to connect to a host device, the host-side connector including a host-side electrical contact to connect to a corresponding electrical contact of the host device. The adapter device further includes a storage-side connector to connect to storage devices operable under different protocols, the storage-side connector including a storage-side electrical contact to connect to a connected storage device. The adapter device further includes a circuit to apply a bias voltage to the host-side electrical contact. The host-side electrical contact is to provide a protocol-indicating voltage to indicate to the host device a protocol of the connected storage device. The protocol-indicating voltage is dependent on the connected storage device's influence on the bias voltage.

A computational storage device includes a non-volatile memory (NVM) device; and a storage controller configured to control the NVM device. The storage controller includes: a computation processor configured to execute an internal application to generate an internal command; a host interface circuit configured to receive a host command from an external host device, to receive the internal command from the computation processor, and to individually process the received host command and the received internal command; a flash translation layer (FTL) configured to perform an address mapping operation based on a result of the processing of the host interface circuit; and a memory interface circuit configured to control the NVM device based on the address mapping operation of the FTL.

A storage device according to the technical ideas of the inventive concepts include: a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, the plurality of memory blocks including a plurality of pages; a data controller configured to receive, from a host, data to be written to the plurality of pages and a stream identifier corresponding the data, and determine whether to change the stream identifier based on an age of the data representing a frequency of update on the data on one of the plurality of memory blocks or one of the plurality of pages; and a garbage collection controller configured to classify the data based on the stream identifier, and control a garbage collection operation of the memory device based on a classification result.

In a storage system in which a plurality of pieces of control software constituting a redundancy group are distributedly arranged in a plurality of storage nodes, control software in an active state out of the plurality of pieces of control software constituting the redundancy group receives a write request from a higher-level device. The control software in the active state writes data related to the write request by mirroring into a cache memory of a storage node in which the control software in the active state is arranged and a cache memory of a storage node in which control software in an inactive state belonging to the same redundancy group is arranged. The control software in the active state sends a write completion response to the higher-level device, and redundantly stores the data written in the cache memories in a storage device.

A hybrid memory system provides rapid, persistent byte-addressable and block-addressable memory access to a host computer system by providing direct access to a both a volatile byte-addressable memory and a volatile block-addressable memory via the same parallel memory interface. The hybrid memory system also has at least a non-volatile block-addressable memory that allows the system to persist data even through a power-loss state. The hybrid memory system can copy and move data between any of the memories using local memory controllers to free up host system resources for other tasks.