The present disclosure relates to an advanced in vivo reprogramming system and a cell conversion method using same. The reprogramming system of the present disclosure comprises a start cell marker promoter, a pluripotency-maintaining gene protein, an amino acid isolation peptide, Cre recombinase, a target cell marker promoter, LoxP, and a gene encoding a fluorescent protein, does not require cell fixation in order to confirm cell conversion, enables real-time monitoring in a living cell state, and may be used both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the present disclosure is expected to be widely used in the biological and medical fields.

Compositions and methods for detecting nucleic acid-protein interactions, or more generally interactions between a nucleic acid and another molecule. A Cas protein (e.g., a catalytically dead Cas13) is fused to a proximity tagging enzyme (e.g., a Pup ligase) and thus brings the proximity tagging enzyme to the proximity of a protein that binds to a nucleic acid, when the Cas protein recognizes the nucleic acid, e.g., through a guide RNA. The proximity tagging enzyme then tags the protein enabling it to be identified as a protein that interacts with the nucleic acid.

An objective of the present invention is to provide non-human animal models of cancer pathology, which mimic the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological property of human cancer tissues, and uses thereof. To achieve the objective described above, first, the present inventors transplanted cells of NOG-established cancer lines into NOG mice and morphologically observed the resulting tissue organization. As a result, the non-human animal models were demonstrated to exhibit pathologies (the hierarchical organization, cancer progression process, or biological properties of the cancer cells) similar to that of human cancer. Specifically, the present inventors succeeded in preparing non-human animal models exhibiting pathologies more similar to a human cancer, and cell culture systems using NOG-established cancer cell lines where the in vitro cell morphology is more similar to that of human cancer.

The invention relates to methods for determining whether a subject is afflicted with a motor neuron disease, the method comprising conducting an analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and/or plasma, measuring the level of one or more sterol/oxysterol analytes, and comparing these to reference values. Further, the invention relates to methods of identifying agents suitable for the treatment of MND, and monitoring the progress of the disease.

Provided is a 3D human liver organ model constructing method, comprising: preparing human primary liver cells, or mixed cells of same and liver non-parenchymal cells, or human liver cancer cell lines into a single cell suspension, and mixing the single cell suspension with a matrix material to obtain a mixed cell suspension; inoculating the mixed cell suspension into cultivation micropores of a 3D organ-on-a-chip, and carrying out cultivation at 37° C. to obtain a gelled 3D organ-on-a-chip; adding a culture medium into liquid storage holes of the organ-on-a-chip, and carrying out cultivation to obtain a 3D human liver organ model. Compared with other 2D human liver organ models, the constructed 3D human liver organ model has significantly enhanced response sensitivity to hepatotoxic drugs, and shows stronger hepatotoxic damage effect for reported hepatotoxic drugs. Compared with an animal model, the 3D human liver organ model can effectively eliminate the screening difference caused by species difference.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for increasing visual acuity in patients in need thereof and for treating vascular disorders of the eye.

The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals that express a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL10R and/or a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL10, and methods of use thereof.

According to a production method for a brain organoid, comprising a step 1 of carrying out suspension culture of human pluripotent stem cells having a mutation in at least one or more base sequences in an exon selected from the group consisting of an exon 9, an exon 10, an exon 11, an exon 12, and an exon 13 of a microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, and having a mutation in at least one or more base sequences in an intron 10 of the MAPT gene, it is possible to produce a brain organoid having a phosphorylated 3-repeat tau protein and a phosphorylated 4-repeat tau protein.

As a system that enables effective delivery of a pharmaceutical active ingredient to a submucosal tissue of the bladder, a transmucosal delivery system including a conjugate of a hydrophobic compound containing the pharmaceutical active ingredient and chondroitin sulfate is provided.

A system for treating cancer and evaluating chemo-preventive potential of PHC and its prepared chitosan nanoparticles is described. The rats are divided into eight groups, from which group 1 is served as normal control, and group 2-8 are given single dose of DEN and repeated dose of CCl.sub.4, wherein freshly prepared solution of DEN in normal saline is used for the induction of HCC in rats by administering 200 mg/kg, i.p., PHC (2:1:1) in normal saline suspension to administer at doses of 900 mg/kg, wherein serum and tissue samples are collected after anesthetizing overnight fasted rats using intraperitoneal administration of thiopentone sodium at a dose of 40 mg/kg, wherein the collected serum and tissue samples is treated and thereby the chemo-preventive potential of PHC (2:1:1) and its prepared chitosan nanoparticles is evaluated upon determining liver markers, antioxidant parameters, total bilirubin, protein, lipid peroxidation, and liver cancer biomarkers.