Disclosed are systems, methods, and computer software for determining a conformational change in a structure of a protein. One method includes delivering a magnetic nanoparticle-nanobody (MNP-NB) complex to a sample containing a protein, where the MNP-NB complex will bind to the protein in the sample. An external magnetic field is applied to the sample with a magnetic field generation system. Signals are detected from the MNP-NB complex that reflect a response to the external magnetic field and a conformational change in a structure of the protein in the sample is determined from the signals.

A novel detection system and method is presented, where a two-bead receptor method is used for capturing pathogens, with one type of bead being magnetic and having a size of 3 microns or smaller, and the other type being polymeric and having a size of 3 microns or larger. The first type is used to concentrate a pathogen; the latter is used to create a detectable signal. Fast sensitive detection is achieved by collecting the optical signal created by the distortion of a homeotropically aligned chromonic azo dye in the presence of captured pathogens.

Coated Ferromagnetic Density Particles or Density Particles with binding agents bound thereto capable of binding biological molecules and methods of use and apparatus for means are disclosed. Coated particles coupled to specific binding agents can be used for molecular biology and proteomic applications in research and diagnostics.

The method for analyzing biomolecules, includes the steps of: immobilizing biomolecules to be analyzed on surfaces of magnetic microparticles; reacting labeled probe molecules with the biomolecules to be analyzed; collecting and immobilizing the microparticles on a support substrate; and measuring a label on the support substrate. Since single-molecule immobilized magnetic microparticles are used in the present invention, the number of biomolecules can be counted, and since hybridization and an antigen-antibody reaction are performed with the microparticles having biomolecules immobilized thereon dispersed, the reaction can be rapidly performed. Further, the type and the abundance of biomolecules of interest can be determined at a single molecular level, so as to evaluate, in particular, the absolute concentration of biomolecules.

A cartridge (110) and a method process target components (T1, T2) of a sample fluid, for example the detection of cardiac markers in blood. The cartridge (110) includes a reaction chamber (114) with a hydrophilic reaction surface (115). A physical barrier (116,118) on the reaction surface (115), for example a protrusion, at least partially borders an investigation region (117,117′) which includes capture probes (CP1, CP2) that specifically bind to target components (T1, T2) of the sample fluid.

An object of the present invention is to provide a highly sensitive immunoanalysis method and analysis apparatus. The invention relates to an analysis method and an analysis apparatus which are constituted in such a way that a component to be measured is reacted with capture component specifically reacting thereto and the reactant is labeled when the component to be measured is present and which are characterized by analyzing the component to be measured with single-molecule sensitivity and resolution by arranging the labeled reactant in a spatially separated certain position and detecting the label of the labeled reactant.

The disclosed invention includes methods and kits for the removal of white blood cells from samples of immunomagnetically enriched rare cells by treating the sample with a leukocyte marker conjugated to a hapten which adheres to the white blood cells and treating the resulting product with a second medium that adheres to the hapten of the white blood cells that are labeled with the leukocyte marker conjugated to hapten and removing the labeled white blood cells.

A method of detecting a pathogen in a sample. The pathogen from the sample is captured with at least one recognition element. The sample is introduced to a paper-based microfluidic device having spaced electrodes disposed thereon. An impedance magnitude of the sample is measured across the spaced electrodes to detect a presence of the pathogen in the sample. A related paper-based microfluidic device and system are also disclosed.

Provided is a solid phase carrier which has high water dispersibility, allows facilitated binding of a ligand to a reactive functional group, and exhibits suppressed non-specific adsorption, and with which, in the case of using the solid phase carrier by having a ligand bound thereto, for example, detection of a target substance can be carried out with high sensitivity and low noise. Disclosed is a solid phase carrier having bound thereto a polymer including a structural unit represented by the following Formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following Formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein in Formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R.sup.2 represents an organic group having a zwitterionic structure,

##STR00002## in Formula (2), R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group R.sup.4 represents —(C═O)—O—*, —(C═O)—NR.sup.6—* (wherein R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and the symbol * represents a position of bonding to R.sup.5 in Formula (2)), or a phenylene group; in a case in which R.sup.4 represents —(C═O)—O—*, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, or an organic group having a reactive functional group, and in a case in which R.sup.4 represents —(C═O)—NR.sup.6—* or a phenylene group, R.sup.5 represents an organic group having a reactive functional group, provided that R.sup.5 is not an organic group having a zwitterionic structure.

The present disclosure relates to a system for monitoring post-translational modification of protein using a biosensor with a gap, which performs with high reliability a diagnosis of a disease associated with a target protein for which impedance is measured, by measuring an impedance of a sample introduced into a sensor and calculating a change rate of the measured impedance, and to a method of manufacturing the biosensor used for the system.