The present application relates to detection units and methods for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample using a complex formed by a target and first and second probes, wherein the complex comprises an elongated region, a particle that is coupled to the first probe, and a solid support that is coupled to the second probe. Specific binding of a target analyte can be distinguished from non-specific binding of the particle by measuring the displacement of the particle.

Provided is a nanoplasmonic sensor and a kit for biomolecule analysis, and a method of analyzing a biomolecule using the same. The method includes: providing the nanoplasmonic sensor including a dielectric grating extending in one direction, and a metal structure disposed to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the dielectric grating and have at least one bent portion; immobilizing a first probe molecule on a surface of the metal structure; hybridizing an analyte with the first probe molecule by introducing the analyte having a base sequence complementary to the first probe molecule; binding a second probe molecule that is hybridized with the first probe molecule to the analyte; binding an enzyme to the second probe molecule; introducing a substrate that reacts with the enzyme to produce a precipitate by an enzymatic reaction; and measuring localized surface plasmon resonance in the metal structure.

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.

The present application relates to a double-stranded DNA molecule comprising a first double-stranded DNA molecule (1) connected to a second double-stranded DNA molecule (2) by at least one covalent bond which is not a phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, phosphoramidate or phosphorodiamidate bond, preferably by a tether, said tether preferably being a double-stranded DNA molecule.

The invention provides devices that improve tests for detecting specific cellular, viral, and molecular targets in clinical, industrial, or environmental samples. The invention permits efficient detection of individual microscopic targets at low magnification for highly sensitive testing. The invention does not require washing steps and thus allows sensitive and specific detection while simplifying manual operation and lowering costs and complexity in automated operation. In short, the invention provides devices that can deliver rapid, accurate, and quantitative, easy-to-use, and cost-effective tests.

A nanoparticle measurement device includes a timing signal generation unit, a low-frequency component extraction unit, a low-frequency component calculation unit, a threshold correction unit, and a measurement unit. The timing signal generation unit generates timing signals. The low-frequency component extraction unit extracts low-frequency components according to the timing signals. The low-frequency component calculation unit calculates an interpolated low-frequency component in accordance with the low-frequency components. The threshold correction unit sets a corrected threshold in accordance with the interpolated low-frequency component. The measurement unit extracts and counts nanoparticle pulse signals from a light reception signal according to the timing signals and the corrected threshold.

Systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed for determining quantitative hormone and chemical analyte results from qualitative test results. An image is taken of an ovulation test device. The image is analyzed to identify a darkness intensity ratio (T/C ratio) between a darkness value of a test-line to a darkness value of a control-line. Additionally, a quantitative substance level may be determined using the T/C ratio, by identifying the type of test device and referencing a data structure that relates quantitative substance levels to T/C ratios for the identified type of test device.

The present application relates to detection units and methods for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample using a complex formed by a target and first and second probes, wherein the complex comprises an elongated region, a particle that is coupled to the first probe, and a solid support that is coupled to the second probe. Specific binding of a target analyte can be distinguished from non-specific binding of the particle by measuring the displacement of the particle.

The invention relates to a test kit which is designed for bioanalysis, in particular for an immunoassay. The test kit comprises at least one measuring sensor (M) for the quantitative detection of a substance and at least one reference sensor (R1, R2, R3) which is already supplied with the substance in a defined manner. In the method for analyzing a test kit, the measuring sensor (M) is read and a measurement value for a concentration, a substance quantity, or a mass is obtained, wherein the read value of the at least one measuring sensor (M) is scaled using the read values of the at least one reference sensor (R1, R2, R3), or a measured value which corresponds to the read value is obtained by means of a compensation curve which puts the read values of the reference sensors (R1, R2, R3) into relationship with the defined supply of the substance to the reference sensors (R1, R2, R3).

According to the present disclosure, a method for detecting an analyte using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is provided. The method comprises (a) contacting one or more analyte-binding molecules with the analyte under conditions that allow binding of the analyte to the one or more analyte-binding molecules to form a first mixture, wherein the analyte is preferably haptogloblin and the analyte-binding molecule may comprise haemoglobin or is a haptogloblin antibody, (b) contacting a liquid reagent comprising a peroxidase substrate and a peroxide source with the first mixture to form a second mixture, while maintaining pH of the second mixture at 10 or less, (c) quenching the second mixture to form a third mixture, (d) optionally contacting the third mixture with a SERS-active substrate, and (e) detecting a surface enhanced Raman signal from the third mixture and/or a surface of the SERS-active substrate.