The methods of the invention employ targeted magnetic particles, preferably targeted nanomagnetic particles, and targeted buoyant particles such as buoyant microparticles and microbubbles. Among the benefits of the invention is the ability to combine targeted magnetic particles with differentially targeted buoyant particles to achieve separation of two or more specifically cell targeted populations during the same work flow.

The methods of the invention employ targeted magnetic particles, preferably targeted nanomagnetic particles, and targeted buoyant particles such as buoyant microparticles and microbubbles. Among the benefits of the invention is the ability to combine targeted magnetic particles with differentially targeted buoyant particles to achieve separation of two or more specifically cell targeted populations during the same work flow.

The present disclosure provides assay methods for the detection and/or quantification of an analyte in a sample. In some examples, the methods detect and/or quantify an active analyte in a sample.

The present disclosure provides assay methods for the detection and/or quantification of an analyte in a sample. In some examples, the methods detect and/or quantify an active analyte in a sample.

A composition and method of detecting an analyte in a sample using the composition, the composition including: a liquid that includes water; a plurality of first hollow glass bubbles in the liquid; a plurality of covalently attached first affinity groups that are covalently attached to at least some of the plurality of first hollow glass bubbles; and a plurality of first detector compound molecules not covalently bonded to the plurality of first hollow glass bubbles; wherein the first detector compound molecules include a first detectable group that is detected at a first wavelength; and wherein the first hollow glass bubbles have: a density of less than 0.60 gram/mole; a span of less than 1.0; and a plurality of covalently attached first affinity groups.

A composition and method of detecting an analyte in a sample using the composition, the composition including: a liquid that includes water; a plurality of first hollow glass bubbles in the liquid; a plurality of covalently attached first affinity groups that are covalently attached to at least some of the plurality of first hollow glass bubbles; and a plurality of first detector compound molecules not covalently bonded to the plurality of first hollow glass bubbles; wherein the first detector compound molecules include a first detectable group that is detected at a first wavelength; and wherein the first hollow glass bubbles have: a density of less than 0.60 gram/mole; a span of less than 1.0; and a plurality of covalently attached first affinity groups.

An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene substrate comprising a microporous microstructure, an interlayer over at least a portion of the microstructure, the interlayer containing a reactive functionality, and a functional layer attached to the interlayer, the interlayer comprising a sol-gel or a polyvinylalcohol. The functional layer of the substrate having functional sites with a density of at least 50 nanomoles/cm.sup.2.

An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene substrate comprising a microporous microstructure, an interlayer over at least a portion of the microstructure, the interlayer containing a reactive functionality, and a functional layer attached to the interlayer, the interlayer comprising a sol-gel or a polyvinylalcohol. The functional layer of the substrate having functional sites with a density of at least 50 nanomoles/cm.sup.2.

An apparatus for label-free analysis of molecules, including interactions and reactions of the molecules, is disclosed. The apparatus is based on detecting molecule movement under the influence of an external electric field. The apparatus is able to achieve sensitive detection of molecular binding to proteins or other molecules, and conformational changes of proteins or other molecules and biochemical reactions of the proteins or other molecules. Applications of the apparatus include screening of drug molecules, kinetic analysis of posttranslational modification of proteins, and small molecule-protein interactions.

An apparatus for label-free analysis of molecules, including interactions and reactions of the molecules, is disclosed. The apparatus is based on detecting molecule movement under the influence of an external electric field. The apparatus is able to achieve sensitive detection of molecular binding to proteins or other molecules, and conformational changes of proteins or other molecules and biochemical reactions of the proteins or other molecules. Applications of the apparatus include screening of drug molecules, kinetic analysis of posttranslational modification of proteins, and small molecule-protein interactions.