Provided is a method for detecting a test substance. In this method, metal is deposited or a complex containing a test substance and a metal particle is immobilized on a working electrode on an electrode substrate including the working electrode and a counter electrode. An oxidation potential is applied to the working electrode to generate metal ions, then a reduction potential is applied to a portion having an area smaller than an area of the portion to which an oxidation potential is applied in the working electrode to deposit metal on the surface of the portion to which the reduction potential is applied, and current, voltage or charge caused by the metal deposited is measured to detect metal ions or a test substance.

Provided is a method for detecting a test substance. In this method, metal is deposited or a complex containing a test substance and a metal particle is immobilized on a working electrode on an electrode substrate including the working electrode and a counter electrode. An oxidation potential is applied to the working electrode to generate metal ions, then a reduction potential is applied to a portion having an area smaller than an area of the portion to which an oxidation potential is applied in the working electrode to deposit metal on the surface of the portion to which the reduction potential is applied, and current, voltage or charge caused by the metal deposited is measured to detect metal ions or a test substance.

The disclosure relates to an incubation device and an automatic analysis device. The incubation device includes: an incubation unit (120) for incubating reaction containers (130) that contain a reactant or for buffering the cleaned and separated reaction containers (130), wherein the incubation unit (120) includes an incubation assembly (121) and an incubation driving assembly (122), the incubation driving assembly (122) is connected to the incubation assembly (121) so as to drive the incubation assembly (121) to move linearly along a third direction (30), and incubation positions (1211) for placing the reaction containers (130) are provided on the incubation assembly (121); and a transfer unit (110) for moving the reaction containers (130) into or out of the incubation unit (120), wherein the transfer unit (110) includes a pick-and-place assembly (112) and a pick-and-place driving assembly (111), the pick-and-place driving assembly (111) is connected to the pick-and-place assembly (112).

The disclosure relates to an incubation device and an automatic analysis device. The incubation device includes: an incubation unit (120) for incubating reaction containers (130) that contain a reactant or for buffering the cleaned and separated reaction containers (130), wherein the incubation unit (120) includes an incubation assembly (121) and an incubation driving assembly (122), the incubation driving assembly (122) is connected to the incubation assembly (121) so as to drive the incubation assembly (121) to move linearly along a third direction (30), and incubation positions (1211) for placing the reaction containers (130) are provided on the incubation assembly (121); and a transfer unit (110) for moving the reaction containers (130) into or out of the incubation unit (120), wherein the transfer unit (110) includes a pick-and-place assembly (112) and a pick-and-place driving assembly (111), the pick-and-place driving assembly (111) is connected to the pick-and-place assembly (112).

A nano-porous structure substrate forming assays occupying no more than one square micron. The assays are comprised of bundled cylindrical nano-pores that act as vessels that can house reagents for a single specific bioassay. A substrate of only a few square centimeters can accommodate 100,000 to 1,000,000 individual bioassays. The substrate may be doped with fluorescent enhancement centers to increase the signal to noise ratios or be surface modified with grafting compounds such as universal linkers, silane coupling agents, antigens and antibodies, or gene sequences.

Natural and/or synthetic antibodies for specific proteins are adhered to nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are adhered to a substrate and the substrate is exposed to a sample that may contain the specific proteins. The substrates are then tested with surface enhanced Raman scattering techniques and/or localized surface plasmon resonance techniques to quantify the amount of the specific protein in the sample.

Natural and/or synthetic antibodies for specific proteins are adhered to nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are adhered to a substrate and the substrate is exposed to a sample that may contain the specific proteins. The substrates are then tested with surface enhanced Raman scattering techniques and/or localized surface plasmon resonance techniques to quantify the amount of the specific protein in the sample.

One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides a metal microscopic structure capable of detecting a low-concentration analyte with high sensitivity. The metal microscopic structure includes a base member including multiple protrusions arrayed at predetermined intervals, and multiple projections made of a metal film covering the base member and configured to generate surface plasmons upon irradiation with light. A film thickness of the metal film positioned in a bottom portion of a gap between every adjacent two of the multiple projections is greater than a height of the multiple protrusions and is more than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 100% of a film thickness of the metal film deposited on top portions of the multiple protrusions.

One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides a metal microscopic structure capable of detecting a low-concentration analyte with high sensitivity. The metal microscopic structure includes a base member including multiple protrusions arrayed at predetermined intervals, and multiple projections made of a metal film covering the base member and configured to generate surface plasmons upon irradiation with light. A film thickness of the metal film positioned in a bottom portion of a gap between every adjacent two of the multiple projections is greater than a height of the multiple protrusions and is more than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 100% of a film thickness of the metal film deposited on top portions of the multiple protrusions.

Provided is a method of using an aptamer for detecting a glycated hemoglobin in a whole blood, the method includes that the aptamer is provided, the aptamer includes a DNA sequence selected from the group consisting of derived sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, and 4, in which the derived sequences refer to that 3′ end and/or 5′ end of the derived sequences are modified, and the derived sequences have 90% identity to the SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, and 4. The aptamer and the whole blood are contacted. A concentration of a conjugate of the aptamer and the glycated hemoglobin is estimated. Provided also is a nanoelectronic aptasensor including the above aptamer.