The present invention relates to artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs) comprising artificial Antigen Presenting Molecules (aAPMs) and, in particular, comprising dimers of the aAPMs as well as to methods for producing aAPCs. The invention further relates to compositions comprising the aAPCs and to vectors encoding the aAPMs of the aAPCs. Embodiments of the invention have been particularly developed for use in assays for determining an antigen-specific T cell response or a plurality of antigen-specific T cell responses and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use.

The present application relates to natural killer (NK) cell-specific tests that are useful in determining the expansion potential and function of NK cells.

Provided by the disclosure are compositions and methods for modulating differentiation of regulatory T cells. In some embodiments, methods include selectively decreasing IL-23R activity and/or IL-23R expression without significantly decreasing IL-12RP activity and/or IL-12RP expression.

The invention provides methods of making immune effector cells (for example, T cells, NK cells) that express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and compositions generated by such methods.

Described herein are methods of treating COVID19 from a coronavirus infection, methods of treating a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of improving a survival rate of a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of determining prognosis of a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of preventing or treating organ-dysfunction or multi-organ dysfunction or failure associated with a coronavirus infection, methods of combinational therapy for a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of reducing microthrombi formation or low flow organ-ischemia associated with a coronavirus infection by administering a DEspR inhibitor.

Methods and systems for the efficient and systematic identification of the repertoire of T-cell epitopes.

The present invention relates to the field of producing, identifying, and selecting biological binding molecules, e.g. in particular antibodies or fragments thereof, which selectively bind to autonomously active B-cell receptors or B-cell receptor complexes. The method is used in order to select a biological binding molecule which specifically binds to an autonomously active or autonomously activated B-cell receptor as the target receptor, but not to an inactive or non-activated B-cell receptor, and is carried out in a cell-based system using immature B cells which are in the pro/pre-stage and cause a ‘triple knockout’ of the genes for RAG2 or RAG1, lambda5, and SLP65.

The present invention relates to the field of tumor immunology. It provides a method for identifying mutation-related human CD8+ T cells, in particular, tumor-specific T cells of a human subject, comprising analyzing CD8+ T cells of the subject by analysing the expression of at least one marker selected from a first group consisting of CD82, CD194, CD244, CD28, CD62L and CD55, and preferably, a marker selected from a second group comprising CD11a or CD18 or CD43. A preferred marker for mutation-related CD8+ T cells is CD82, which may be analysed in combination, e.g., with CD11a. Without the need to identify any epitope to which T cells reacts, this method can advantageously be used to isolate the entire individual pool of mutation-related T cells, and, optionally, to identify the sequence of a mutation-related TCR, which allows for generation of transgenic T cells expressing the TCR. Compositions substantially comprising tumor-specific CD82.sup.hiCD8+ T cells and/or CD194.sup.hi, CD244.sup.−, CD28.sup.+, CD62L.sup.+ and/or CD55.sup.+ CD82.sup.hi CD8+ T cells can be used for treatment of a cancer patient, e.g., by adoptive T cell transfer. The method of the invention can also be used for diagnostic purposes to identify human mutation-related T cells or diagnosing a tumor disease or for testing responses of a cancer patient to an immune stimulatory therapy, preferably, a therapy with a checkpoint inhibitor.

The present invention relates to a method for memory B cell-specific differentiation induction and to uses thereof and, more specifically, to an anti-CD3 antibody or ligand in a biological sample obtained from and individual, a method for memory B cell-specific differentiation induction comprising a step of treating an anti-CD28 antibody or ligand, and a method for detection a memory B cell which is specific to a specific antigen by using same.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using those compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of immune related diseases.