The present invention provides a method of identifying a cell latently infected with HIV, wherein the method comprises: providing a sample of cells; encapsulating individual cells in droplets; screening for the presence of HIV derived DNA in the genomic DNA of encapsulated cells; and identifying, and optionally isolating, cells containing latent HIV derived DNA.

A method of modulating immune response to an infection in a subject, the method comprising contacting CD4+ T cells, monocytes, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, and/or proliferating T cells in the subject with one or more modulating agents, wherein the one or more modulating agents modulate genes in one or more of pathways and cell populations.

The present invention relates to a cytotoxic agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a viral infection which is configured for the selective binding to a membrane receptor of virus-infected T lymphocytes, a pharmaceutical composition containing said cytotoxic agent, the use of the cytotoxic agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of viral infections, a method of finding cytotoxic agents, the use of a membrane receptor of virus-infected T lymphocytes which is overexpressed in comparison to non-infected T lymphocytes for the diagnosis of a viral infection.

The subject invention pertains to materials and methods for detecting, preventing and treating retroviral infections in humans and other animals susceptible to infection by retrovirus. It has been discovered that FIV can be transmitted from cats to humans and that the FIV can infect human cells in vivo and that antibodies generated by the infected person cross-react with HIV antigens. Thus, the methods and compositions of the subject invention can be used to detect, prevent and treat FIV infection in humans and other non-feline animals that are susceptible to FIV infection. The methods and compositions of the invention can also be used to prevent and treat infection by HIV in humans.

A method to diagnose bacterial infection, including phenotyping cell based resistant mycoplasm, amplification and identification of infection, and performing at least one assay on a cell culture.

Provided are methods for predicting effectiveness of vaccine against HIV or SIV. Provided herein also are methods for predicting protective immunity in a subject, comprising detecting expression levels of multiple genes or gene products, wherein the multiple genes have been identified as a differentially expressed gene set associated with protective immunity against HIV or SIV; calculating a first composite gene expression score (GES) for the differentially expressed gene set; and calculating an average second composite GES for the differentially expressed gene set in biological samples from subjects that have been vaccinated with a candidate vaccine and are not immune to the virus, wherein a first composite GES that is greater than the average second composite GES indicates the effectiveness of the vaccine and that the subject has protective immunity. Also provided are kits for predicting effectiveness of HIV or SIV vaccine and for predicting protective immunity following vaccination.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application provides stable peptide-based antibody capture agents and methods of use as detection and diagnosis agents. The application further provides methods of manufacturing antibody capture agents using iterative on-bead in situ click chemistry.

The disclosure provides methods, kits and systems for detecting a metabolite that is metabolized from a nucleotide in reverse transcriptase inhibitor in a biological sample obtained from a subject, and uses thereof in monitoring adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis and counseling subjects who are engaged in or prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis. The present disclosure also provides methods of preventing HIV infection in patients at risk of contracting infection by monitoring adherence to a regimen and adjusting or modifying the dosing schedule of the regimen accordingly. The metabolite may be detected using proteomic methods, including but not limited to antibody based methods, such as a lateral flow immunoassay or lab based assays such as semi-quantitative LC-MS/MS.

The disclosure provides methods of using biomarkers to predict risk or likelihood and/or prognosis of and/or detect or diagnose substance use disorders or infections and/or monitor progress of substance use disorders and infections.