Methods and apparatus for identifying disease status according to various aspects of the present invention include analyzing the levels of one or more biomarkers. The methods and apparatus may use biomarker data for a condition-positive cohort and a condition-negative cohort and select multiple relevant biomarkers from the plurality of biomarkers. The system may generate a statistical model for determining the disease status according to differences between the biomarker data for the relevant biomarkers of the respective cohorts. The methods and apparatus may also facilitate ascertaining the disease status of an individual by producing a composite score for an individual patient and comparing the patient's composite score to one or more thresholds for identifying potential disease status.

The disclosure features systems and methods for measuring and diagnosing target constituents bound to labeling particles in a sample. The systems include a radiation source, a sample holder, a detector configured to obtain one or more diffraction patterns of the sample each including information corresponding to optical properties of sample constituents, and an electronic processor configured to, for each of the one or more diffraction patterns: (a) analyze the diffraction pattern to obtain amplitude information and phase information corresponding to the sample constituents; (b) identify one or more particle-bound target sample constituents based on at least one of the amplitude information and the phase information; and (c) determine an amount of at least one of the particle-bound target sample constituents in the sample based on at least one of the amplitude information and the phase information.

In one aspect, methods of treating a subject having a cancer that expresses a cytokine receptor are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject a biologic agent in an amount sufficient to induce loss of cytokine receptor signaling through increased expression of a Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling genes and/or loss of one or more cytokine receptor components from the cancer cell surface. In some embodiments, the biologic agent is a cytokine or cytokine mimetic.

The present invention is related to diagnostic tests or rapid detections of different types of cancer, especially cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Especially, the invention relates to specific and useful protein biomarkers for the detection of said diseases, and to the methods for determination and detection of said biomarkers.

Devices, systems, and methods are provided for magnetic focus enhanced lateral flow assays. The devices and systems are ultrasensitive and provide for the visual detection of the presence or absence of one or more target analyteswhich may include pathogens, proteins, or even molecules smaller than the foregoingeven when such analytes are only present in very limited amounts. The devices and systems include an immunostrip with a magnet positioned adjacent thereto, and magnetic probes specific to a target analyte that bind to the target analyte with specificity if present within a fluid sample to be tested. Methods are also provided for detecting one or more target analytes using magnetic focus, such methods including a step of controlling movement of a target analyte complex on an immunostrip incorporating a magnetic field, where such control slows a flow of the target analyte complex through a capture area on the immunostrip.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are useful as near-infrared fluorescence probes, wherein the compounds include i) a pteroyl ligand that binds to a target receptor protein, ii) a dye molecule, and iii) a linker molecule that comprises an amino acid or derivative thereof. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for incorporating the compounds as used for the targeted imaging of tumors. Conjugation of the amino acid linking groups increase specificity and detection of the compound. Methods and compositions for use thereof in diagnostic imaging are contemplated.

The present invention discloses the application of aptamer in recognition and binding of alkaline phosphatase heterodimer. The present invention provides an aptamer or its derivative, the nucleotide sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing. The present invention also provides a kit including an aptamer or a derivative thereof, and a carrier for fixing or coupling the aptamer or a derivative thereof, wherein the aptamer is a single-stranded DNA molecule having the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The method for capturing and detecting circulating tumor cells, exosomes and free alkaline phosphatase in peripheral blood highly expressing alkaline phosphatase based on the aptamer magnetic nanoparticle technology of the present invention can achieve highly selective capture and detection of target cells, exosomes or free proteins.

The present invention relates to a method for discrimination of p16.sup.INK4a overexpressing metaplasias from neoplastic or preneoplastic p16.sup.INK4a overexpressing lesions by determination of the level of high risk HPV encoded gene-products such as e.g. HPV E2 and/or HPV E7 molecules in biological samples in the course of cytological testing procedures. The method thus enables for reduction of false positive results in the p16.sup.INK4a based detection of anogenital lesions in cytological testing procedures.

The invention generally relates to antibodies that bind to human folate receptor and diagnostic assays for folate receptor 1-based therapies. Methods of using the antibodies to monitor therapy are further provided.

The invention includes the use of the HE/HE4a markers to assess ovarian cancer in a subject. Included also are compositions and methods of using HE/HE4a marker for diagnosis, grading and staging of ovarian cancers, determining prognosis and treatment effectiveness of a subject who has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.