Disclosed herein are methods of treating a subject with an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer comprising obtaining a sample of the breast cancer from the subject; determining a level of E-cadherin in the sample is reduced compared to a control; and administering a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R pathway inhibitor and an endocrine therapeutic. Also disclosed herein are methods to treat a cancer in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R pathway inhibitor and an E-cadherin inhibitor. Also disclosed are methods to predict the likelihood a subject with a breast cancer will respond therapeutically to a treatment comprising administering an IGF1R pathway inhibitor, the method comprising obtaining a sample of the cancer from the subject; and determining a level of E-cadherin in the sample.

The present technology generally relates to methods and compositions relevant to the prediction that a subject with and/or after treatment for DCIS will experience a subsequent ipsilateral breast event that is a DCIS recurrence, an invasive breast cancer, both a DCIS recurrence and invasive cancer, or neither. The technology can assist one with how to treat such subjects.

The present invention relates in part to the discovery of genes that are deregulated in cancer stem cells (e.g., melanoma stem cells). In some aspects, methods for treating individuals having melanoma are provided; the methods involve modulating (e.g., inducing, inhibiting, etc.) the activity of the cancer stem cell associated genes. In other aspects, cell surface genes that are upregulated in melanoma stem cells are targeted for the selective isolation, detection, and killing of cancer stem cells in melanoma. Other aspects of the invention relate to reagents, arrays, compositions, and kits that are useful for diagnosing and treating melanoma.

Provided is a separated antigen binding protein, containing at least one CDR in VH with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 46; and at least one CDR in VL with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. Also provided are an immunoconjugate containing the separated antigen binding protein, nucleic acid coding the separated antigen binding protein, a carrier containing the separated antigen binding protein, a cell containing the nucleic acid or the carrier, a method for preparing the separated antigen binding protein, and use of the separated antigen binding protein.

The invention provides methods for determining tumour status in a subject comprising the steps of: (i) determining a quantitative value in a sample taken from a subject of a first biomarker selected from the group consisting of Ran, Ran binding protein 1, an active fragment of a Ran protein, a nucleic acid sequence encoding Ran, a nucleic acid sequence encoding Ran binding protein 1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding an active fragment of Ran and a nucleic acid sequence encoding an active fragment of Ran binding protein 1; (ii) comparing the quantitative value of the first biomarker in the sample with a selected pre-determined threshold value of the first biomarker; (iii) determining a quantitative value in a sample from the same subject of a second biomarker selected from the group consisting of MMP2, an active fragment of MMP2, a nucleic acid sequence encoding MMP2 and a nucleic acid sequence encoding an active fragment of MMP2; (iv) comparing the quantitative value of the second biomarker in the sample with a selected pre-determined threshold value of the second biomarker; wherein the quantitative values of the first marker and the second biomarkers in the sample as compared to their respective selected pre-determined threshold values indicate whether or not the tumour sample has invasive and/or metastatic potential.

The present disclosure relates to a method of determining a prognostic outlook for patients having metastatic breast cancer. The method includes receiving imaging data from an image of a patient that is receiving or that is to receive cycline dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitor therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer. Radiomic heterogeneity features are extracted from imaging data associated with a metastasis within the imaging. A prognostic marker is determined from the radiomic heterogeneity features. The prognostic marker is indicative of a response of the patient to CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy for HR+ metastatic breast cancer.

The disclosure provides novel personalized therapies, kits, transmittable forms of information and methods for use in treating patients having cancer, wherein the cancer is amenable to therapeutic treatment with an inhibitor, e.g., an inhibitor of any of the targets disclosed herein. Kits, methods of screening for candidate inhibitors, and associated methods of treatment are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are useful as near-infrared fluorescence probes, wherein the compounds include i) a pteroyl ligand that binds to a target receptor protein, ii) a dye molecule, and iii) a linker molecule that comprises an amino acid or derivative thereof. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for incorporating the compounds as used for the targeted imaging of tumors. Conjugation of the amino acid linking groups increase specificity and detection of the compound. Methods and compositions for use thereof in diagnostic imaging are contemplated.

Cancer patients make antibodies to tumor-derived proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection. Twenty-eight antigens have been identified as potential biomarkers for the early detection of basal-like breast cancer (Tables 1, 2). Also, a 13-AAb classifier has been developed that differentiate patients with BLBC from healthy controls with 33% sensitivity at 98% specificity (Table 3).

Methods, systems, and software are provided for using organoid cultures, e.g., patient-derived tumor organoid cultures, to improve treatment predictions and outcomes.