The present disclosure relates to an antibody fragment specifically binding to PSMA, particularly to a single-chain Fv (scfv), a bispecific antibody containing the scFv, and a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the preparation and the use thereof.

A molecular nanotag is disclosed that includes a core nanoparticle with a diameter of less than about 100 nm, with an optional shell surrounding the core, and an armor bound to the surface of the core nanoparticle, or if present, to the surface of the shell. The molecular nanotag also includes a functionalized end with a fixed number of binding sites that can selectively bind to a molecular targeting ligand. Any one of, or any combination of, the core, the shell and the armor contribute to fluorescence, light scattering and/or ligand binding properties of the molecular tag that are detectable by microscopy or in a devices that measures intensity or power of fluorescence and light scattering. The light scattering intensity or power of the assembled structure is detectable above the specific level of the reference noise of a device detecting the light scattering intensity or power, its fluorescence intensity or power has sufficient brightness for detection above the limit of detection for the instrument, and ligand specificity is conferred by the ligand binding component. Methods of biomarker and biosignature detection using the molecular tags are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are methods for a RNA in situ hybridization assay workflow for the detection of target RNA within intact cells for the detection of prostate cancer cells in urine samples. The methods disclosed herein can identify a genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer in a subject and differentiate high risk from low risk prostate cancers. The methods disclosed herein can also include treatment and management strategies for prostate cancer and the prevention thereof.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to improved methods and systems for active surveillance of subject having non-aggressive prostate cancer.

The disclosure provides a method of detecting heterogeneity of disease in a cancer patient comprising (a) performing a direct analysis comprising immunofluorescent staining and morphological characteristization of nucleated cells in a blood sample obtained from the patient to identify and enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTC); (b) isolating the CTCs from the sample; (c) individually characterizing genomic parameters to generate a genomic profile for each of the CTCs, and (d) determining heterogeneity of disease in the cancer patient based on the profile. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is hormone refractory.

The present disclosure relates to methods of determining whether a subject has cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a subject has cancer when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for the cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a morphologically normal cell is malignant. Identification of malignant cells, when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for cancer, is based upon detecting the binding of an anti-telomerase antibody to clinically relevant cells.

Described herein are systems and methods for the discrete detection and quantification of target analytes in a sample based on their binding by two or more particles to form analyte-linked particle complexes. The analyte-linked particle complexes can be differentiated and enumerated versus unbound singlet particles based on the unique physical characteristics of the particles utilized. In some embodiments of the current invention, this may involve one type of analyte, while in other embodiments it may involve multiple different types of analytes, either individually or in analyte complexes.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening a prostate cancer patient by optical image analysis of a circulating tumor cell marker and a prostate-specific membrane antigen.

The invention relates to the field of medical prognostics. In particular, the invention relates to methods for predicting prostate cancer progression and overall survival prognosis in a subject involving the detection of elevated amounts of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) in a test body sample such as serum.

The invention described herein provides biological markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of prostate cancer.