Methods for detecting a prostate cancer in a subject comprise detecting a marker selected from an endosomal associated marker and/or a lysosomal associated marker from the subject.

The present invention provides new compositions and methods for treating prostate cancer, e.g., drug-resistant prostate cancer, such as anti-androgen drug (e.g., enzalutamide) resistant and/or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). These new compositions include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical compositions that include an AR-V7 inhibitor, such as niclosamide. Alternatively, these new compositions can include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical compositions that include an AKR1C3 inhibitor, such as indomethacin. These new methods include, but are not limited to, methods of administering an AR-V7 inhibitor, such as niclosamide, and/or an AKR1C3 inhibitor, such as indomethacin, to treat patients having prostate cancer. The present invention also provides methods of inhibiting androgen receptor variant expression, e.g. AR-V7, and methods of killing cells expressing AR-V7. The present invention further provides methods of inhibiting AKR1C3 expression or activity, and methods of killing cells that express AKR1C3.

Compositions and methods which inhibit the expression of the TMEM92 gene or which inhibits the function of die TMEM92 protein can be used for treating, diagnosing and monitoring disease, for example cancer.

The present disclosure relates to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted compounds conjugated to near-infra red (NIR) dyes and methods for their therapeutic and diagnostic use. More specifically, this disclosure provides compounds and methods for diagnosing and treating diseases associated with cells and/or vasculature expressing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), such as prostate cancer and related diseases. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for making and using the compounds, methods incorporating the compounds, and kits incorporating the compounds.

A method and a kit are provided to quantify and qualify exosomes. Specifically the method and the kit quantify PSA-carrying exosomes for a purpose to diagnose prostate cancer and to distinguish between patients having a tumor and those having a benign prostate condition with increased blood levels of PSA. The method and the kit provide a fast, easy to use and accurate method for clinical settings.

The invention provides method for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of prostate cancer using one or more of keratin 4, keratin 7, keratin 8, keratin 15, keratin 18, keratin 19, tubulin-beta 3, filamin B, and LY9, and PSA. The invention provides kits for practicing the methods of the invention.

The present invention provides methods of detecting cancer using biomarkers.

A method, system and computer-readable medium for assessing a disease condition of a cancer of a subject, including: receiving a blood sample from the subject; isolating a plurality of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood sample; measuring at least one of cell or cell nucleus sizes of each of the plurality of CTCs; determining a measured CTC size distribution of the plurality of CTCs based on the measuring; comparing the measured CTC size distribution to a reference CTC size distribution using a computer; and assigning the disease condition of the cancer of the subject based on the comparing.

Described herein are methods for diagnosing high-risk cancer in a subject by detecting PolySialic Acid (polySia) in a biological sample obtained from the subject, or by detecting polySia and one or more tissue-specific markers in a biological sample obtained from the subject.

Compositions and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with fusion compounds of near-infrared radiation using near IR, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands are provided.