The present invention aims to provide a method of acquiring data for determination of, and a method of acquiring prediction data on the presence of cancer cells and/or the resistance to anticancer drugs, use of a marker for determining thereof, and a kit for determining thereof, in particular, to determine the resistance to anticancer drugs before administration of the anticancer drugs to patients. The resistance of cancer tissues of cancer patients to anticancer drugs can be determined by detecting polysulfide, which is a marker for the resistance to anticancer drugs, in the cancer tissues of the cancer patients before administration of the anticancer drugs.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods relating to biomarkers (e.g., calcitriol (i.e., 1,25(OH).sub.2D.sub.3) to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.3 (i.e., 24,25(OH).sub.2D.sub.3) to calcifediol (i.e., 25(OH)D.sub.3) proportion ratio (C24CPR)) that can be used for detection and treatment assessment of vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and/or diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance, such as cancer, in a subject in need thereof. The present invention also provides methods of diagnosing vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and/or diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and distinguishing between different types of diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance (e.g., cancer vs autoimmune disease or disorder).

The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis of a benign oncocytoma and a method to differentiate a benign oncocytoma from malignant renal cell carcinoma, a kit for use in these methods, as well as antibody relating thereto, a hybridoma cell capable of producing the same as well as the uses relating thereto.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for binding and inhibiting renalase. In one embodiment, the renalase binding molecule inhibits renalase activity. Thus, in diseases and conditions where a reduction of renalase activity is beneficial, such inhibitory renalase binding molecules may act as therapeutics.

The present invention relates to reagent kits for in vitro measurement of YKL-40 and MASP2 and diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma of a test individual.

From gene expression analysis with a long-term recurrence-free group and a recurrence metastasis group of stomach cancer, CHRNB2 and NPTXR were identified as drug discovery targets. Tumor growth was successfully inhibited by an antibody medicine or a nucleic acid medicine targeting CHRNB2 or NPTXR. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody linking to CHRNB2 or NPTXR are provided. Since these receptor molecules are novel molecular targets, treatment of cases which the existing therapeutic drugs have no effect on is made possible.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate, a urine pretreatment method, and a method for providing information required for cancer diagnosis through urine metabolite analysis using same.

Provided are a glypican-3 (GPC3)-specific modified aptamer, and prevention or treatment of hepatoma using the same. The glypican-3-specific modified aptamer of the present invention specifically binds to glypican-3 to be internalized into hepatoma cells, and exhibits anticancer activity through an anticancer agent bound to the aptamer, and therefore, has a selective anticancer effect only for GPC3-expressing hepatoma cells without affecting normal hepatocytes.

Disclosures herein are directed to methods and compositions for predicting high- and low-risk liver disease in patients. Based on the results achieved from the methods and compositions disclosed herein, liver disease patients can be classified into a prognostic risk group, which enables early diagnosis and prevention of HCC and other lethal complications. Methods and compositions disclosed herein substantially improve the poor prognosis of subjects having or at risk for one or more liver diseases.

Biomarkers are provided that are predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a therapy comprising lenvatinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., lenvatinib mesylate). The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having cancer (e.g., thyroid cancer, kidney cancer), suspected of having cancer, or at risk of developing cancer.