Provided herein are methods, compositions, kits, and systems for detecting Epstein Barr virus infection (EBV) in gastric cancer (GC) patients. In particular, provided herein are methods, composition, kits, and systems for diagnosing and treating EBV-positive gastric cancer (EBV.sup.+ GC) in a biological sample of an individual based on the presence and level of antibodies against particular Epstein Barr virus proteins. EBV.sup.+ GC is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer and is associated with unique molecular profiles. Also provided herein are methods for providing more personalized therapy for each of these distinct cancer subtypes and methods for determining an Epstein Barr virus-positive gastric cancer antibody signature, and kits comprising components and protocols for performing the methods of this disclosure.

A peptoid compound, a manufacturing method of a peptoid compound, an oligomer, a pharmaceutical composition, use of the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicament for detecting or diagnosing a disease related to tyrosine kinase HER2, and a kit for identifying circulating tumor cells are provided, the peptoid compound includes: a cysteine (Cys) subunit, a butanediamine (Nlys) subunit, a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine (Npip) subunit, a 3-aminopropanic acid (Nce) subunit and a 1-naphthylamine (Na) subunit, and both the peptoid compound and the oligomer have a strong ability to bind to HER2 protein on surfaces of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and a technology of diagnosing breast cancer on the basis of the peptoid compound can realize non-invasive and label-free rapid diagnosis, in addition, the methods for synthesizing the peptoid compound and the oligomer are simple, the preparation efficiency is high, and the production cost is low.

A method of processing a fecal sample from a human subject comprising removing a portion of a collected fecal sample and adding the removed portion of the sample to a buffer that prevents denaturation or degradation of blood proteins found in the sample, and detecting the presence of human blood in the removed portion of the fecal sample. The method further comprises stabilizing the remaining portion of the fecal sample.

The invention provides anti-HER2 antibodies and immunoconjugates and methods of using the same.

Provided is a method for treating gastric cancer by blocking a CCL28 chemotactic pathway. Specifically, provided is a use of a CCL28 gene or CCL28 protein for preparing a reagent or a kit for testing gastric cancer. The gastric cancer has an abnormal up-regulated expression of both a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and molecules related to CCL28 chemokine. Also provided are a testing kit, a use of a pharmaceutical composition, and a method for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.

Disclosed is a measurement method for measuring a test substance contained in a biological sample based on a predetermined measurement principle, comprising acquiring a first measured value of the test substance using a first measurement reagent, and operating the first measured value to an arithmetic value when measured using a second measurement reagent different from the first measurement reagent, by using arithmetic information designed to make a first cut-off value for the measured value obtained using the first measurement reagent correspond to a second cut-off value for a measured value obtained using the second measurement reagent.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for diagnosing solid cancers comprising lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, brain tumors, kidney cancer, liver cancer, and cervical cancer. More specifically, the apparatus comprises: a concentration measurement unit for measuring the concentration of each of acyl-carnitine (AC), nudifloramide (2PY), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) from a biological sample; a pre-processing unit for pre-processing the measured concentrations; and a diagnosis unit for determining the diagnosis information of cancer through linear discriminant analysis using the pre-processed concentrations.

From gene expression analysis with a long-term recurrence-free group and a recurrence metastasis group of stomach cancer, CHRNB2 and NPTXR were identified as drug discovery targets. Tumor growth was successfully inhibited by an antibody medicine or a nucleic acid medicine targeting CHRNB2 or NPTXR. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody linking to CHRNB2 or NPTXR are provided. Since these receptor molecules are novel molecular targets, treatment of cases which the existing therapeutic drugs have no effect on is made possible.

Provided herein are materials and methods for isolation of eukaryotic nucleic acid from a human or non-human animal stool sample. Also provided are methods of analysis of eukaryotic biomarkers present in a human or non-human animal stool sample.

The invention relates to antigen-binding molecules that specifically binds ALPPL2 and/or ALPP but not ALPL or ALPI. It also relates to a pharmaceutical composition, an immunoconjugate and a chimeric antigen receptor comprising said antigen-binding molecules. The invention also relates to methods for reducing the expression or activity of ALPPL2 in a cancer cell and methods of treating a cancer in a subject.