There are no reliable clinical bio-markers of survival prognosis, patient's risk stratification and treatment prediction for epithelial ovarian cancers(EOC). The most common type of the human EOC is a high grade serous EOC. This cancer is characterized with one of the lowest survival rates compared to other cancers. The present invention relates to an method for a prognosis of survival of a subject diagnosed with EOC, the method comprising determining in a sample of the subject gene expression level of at least one gene in the list of Evi1 pathway genes; and/or copy number of at least one gene in the MECOM locus; wherein the level against at least one expression threshold value will define the risk group of the subject and/or a risk of the disease progression after surgery treatment, and/or an effectiveness of post-surgery chemotherapy. The quantification method of Evi1/MECOM locus regulatory pathway provides a set of multigene prognostic signatures representing EVI1 pathway modules, which collectively provided a framwork of high-confidence, sensitive and specific prognosis assay(s) of EOC and stratification method for the EOC patient stratification according to disease relapse.

The present invention aims to provide a method for detecting, with high sensitivity and specificity, ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma, which is highly malignant, among benign and malignant ovarian tumors having various tissue types, and a reagent that can be used for the method. The present invention provides NT-TFPI2, which is a novel processed tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 polypeptide, as a new detection marker for ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. The detection of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma is carried out by measuring the amount of NT-TFPI2, or the total amount of NT-TFPI2 and intact TFPI2. The reagent for detecting ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma contains an antibody that specifically recognizes NT-TFPI2 and intact TFPI2.

Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure include antibody binding domains that specifically bind to mesothelin. A nanobody or conjugate construct thereof can comprise the antibody binding domain comprising complementary determining region (CDR)1 of SEQ ID NO:05 or SEQ ID NO:08, CDR2 of SEQ ID NO:06 or SEQ ID NO:09, and/or CDR3 of SEQ ID NO:07 or SEQ ID NO:10. The nanobody or conjugate constructs of the nanobody can be used for diagnosis or treatment of diseases or conditions associated with overexpression of mesothelin.

USP14 is a biomarker for recurrent disease and inhibition of USP14 is of therapeutic benefit for women with endometrial or ovarian cancer.

Biomarkers, methods, assays, and kits are provided for determining the prognosis of and treating a patient with ovarian cancer. Also disclosed are biomarkers, methods, assays, and kits for predicting the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy.

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosis of a cancer, comprising the steps of (i) determining the level of antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a sample from a subject to be diagnosed, (ii) comparing the determined level in the sample to a control level derived from subjects without cancer; wherein a decreased level in the sample from the subject to be diagnosed as compared to the control level is indicative for cancer in the subject. Furthermore, the invention relates to method of predicting response and outcome of a treatment of a cancer with an angiogenesis inhibitor.

The invention provides methods of using expression levels of one or more stroma signature genes as selection criteria for determining a patient with cancer that is chemotherapy-resistant who may benefit from a particular anti-cancer therapy, such as stroma-targeted therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and/or immunotherapy. The present invention also provides methods of using expression levels of one or more stroma signature genes as a selection criterion for treating cancer patients, such as ovarian cancer patients, with a stroma-targeted agent.

Provided herein are novel anti-LHR chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), cells or compositions comprising the same, vector or plasmid encoding anti-LHR CAR, and methods for producing the same, or using the same for detecting or treating ovarian cancer or prostate cancer. Also provided herein are anti-LHR antibody, compositions comprising the same, nucleic acid sequence encoding the same, and a kit for detecting LHR.

The present disclosure is related to the field of ovarian cancer diagnostics. It introduces novel biomarkers that can be used to detect presence of ovarian cancer and to provide a prognosis of the disease.

Provided herein is a method for identifying compounds that inhibit cell growth or have cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, such as hematological cancer cells or ovarian cancer cells, in a subject. Further provided is a method for identifying one or more compounds that sensitize refractory cancer cells from a subject. Also provided are compositions and methods for treating cancer, including refractory cancer, such as refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or ovarian cancer.