Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of a cancer cell in an individual are provided. Methods and compositions for identifying a tumor-specific signature in an individual having cancer are also provided. Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of an infectious agent in an individual and/or for identifying an infectious agent-specific signature in an infected individual are provided. Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of a disease in an individual are also provided. Methods and compositions for identifying a disease-specific signature in an individual having the disease are also provided.

Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of a cancer cell in an individual are provided. Methods and compositions for identifying a tumor-specific signature in an individual having cancer are also provided. Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of an infectious agent in an individual and/or for identifying an infectious agent-specific signature in an infected individual are provided. Methods and compositions for diagnosing the presence of a disease in an individual are also provided. Methods and compositions for identifying a disease-specific signature in an individual having the disease are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to the use of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001##

or anyone of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disease; wherein:

##STR00002##

means an aromatic ring wherein V is C or N and when V is N; Q is N or O, provided that R does not exist when Q is O; R independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group chosen among a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a COOR.sub.1 group, a NO.sub.2 group, a NR.sub.1R.sub.2 group, a morpholinyl or a morpholino group, a N-methylpiperazinyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)fluoroalkyl group, a OP(O)(OR.sub.3)(OR.sub.4) group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy group and a CN group, and can further be a group chosen among:

##STR00003##

The present disclosure relates to the use of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001##

or anyone of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disease; wherein:

##STR00002##

means an aromatic ring wherein V is C or N and when V is N; Q is N or O, provided that R does not exist when Q is O; R independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group chosen among a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a COOR.sub.1 group, a NO.sub.2 group, a NR.sub.1R.sub.2 group, a morpholinyl or a morpholino group, a N-methylpiperazinyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)fluoroalkyl group, a OP(O)(OR.sub.3)(OR.sub.4) group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy group and a CN group, and can further be a group chosen among:

##STR00003##

Non-human animals, and methods and compositions for making and using the same, are provided, wherein said non-human animals comprise a humanization of an endogenous cluster of differentiation (CD) gene, in particular a humanization of a CD47 gene. Said non-human animals may be described, in some embodiments, as having a genetic modification to an endogenous CD47 gene so that said non-human animals express a CD47 polypeptide that includes a human portion and a non-human portion (e.g., a murine portion).

Methods to form a surface coating and surface pattern, which are based on adsorption of hydrocarbon chains that can be used with imaging optics to visualize macrophage fusion and multinucleated giant cell formation with living specimens are described.

Methods and compositions are provided for assessing attenuation and/or infectivity of bacteria or Listeria strains, such as Listeria monocytogenes.

The present invention concerns a method for determining the impact of a production step or a purification step on the presence or nature of pro-inflammatory contaminating molecules in glucose polymers or the hydrolysates of same by using an in vitro test of inflammatory response using cell lines. It further concerns an optimised method of producing or purifying glucose polymers or the hydrolysates of same comprising an analysis of the pro-inflammatory contaminating molecules in glucose polymers or the hydrolysates of same and the selection of production or purification steps optimised with respect to the presence and nature of the pro-inflammatory contaminating molecules.

The present invention relates to a method of culturing primitive macrophages from stem cells. Specifically, the method comprises contacting and incubating stem cells with a serum-free culture media comprising a GSK3 inhibitor to differentiate stem cells into cell of the mesoderm lineage, contacting and incubating cells of the mesoderm lineage with a culture media comprising DKK1 to differentiate the cells into the hematopoietic lineage, maturing the cells of the hematopoietic lineage and contacting and incubating these cells with a culture media comprising M-CSF to drive differentiation into primitive-like macrophages. The invention also relates to a primitive-like macrophage, use of the primitive-like macrophage and a kit when used in the method of the invention.

This invention provides a set of biological markers that are useful for detecting cancer. This invention further provides methods of using those biological markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring of cancer.