The disclosure relates to the extraction and detection of pathogens using carbohydrate-functionalized biosensors. Immobilized carbohydrate moieties on the biosensor provide a means for non-specific binding of a plurality of target analytes. When a sample containing the target analyte is applied or otherwise transported to the biosensor detection surface, non-specific binding interactions between the carbohydrate moiety and the analyte immobilize/retain the analyte at the detection surface. The carbohydrate moiety is a stable binding pair member that allows on-sensor rinsing of a sample to enhance detection of an analyte in the sample. Specific analyte identification can be achieved with an analyte probe having a detection moiety and a binding pair member specific to the target analyte of interest.

A quantitative method for diagnosing an autoimmune disease or an infectious disease comprising performing an automated diagnostic assay, comprising: incubating a capture reagent with a streptavidin-coated medium to form a solid phase complex, wherein the capture reagent is a biotinylated autoantigen or infectious disease antigen; washing the solid phase complex to remove excess capture reagent; incubating the solid phase complex with a serum sample to form an immune complex; washing the immune complex to remove any unbound sample; incubating the immune complex with a conjugate to create an immune-conjugate complex; washing the immune-conjugate complex to remove any unbound conjugate; introducing a substrate capable of generating a quantifiable response; and calibrating the response generated from introducing the substrate.

Paramagnetic fine particles of 1 micron or less used under a strong magnetic field were shown to form beads-like aggregates along the magnetic flux, and become irregularly shaped as such a mass of particles combines with a flat particle layer. This phenomenon becomes a factor that degrades the quality of quantification in bioanalysis. By confining a solution of microscopic magnetic fine particles between flat substrates of high wettability as thin a vertical thickness as possible and attracting the magnetic fine particles under a magnetic field applied from the side of one of the flat substrates, the magnetic fine particles can be evenly immobilized in the form of a film on the substrate surface in a dispersion state, and the quality of the biomolecule quantification can be improved.

Nanoparticles, nanoparticle conjugates, devices for making nanoparticles and nanoparticle conjugates, and related methods of use and synthesis are described.

A quantitative method for diagnosing an autoimmune disease or an infectious disease comprising performing an automated diagnostic assay, comprising: incubating a capture reagent with a streptavidin-coated medium to form a solid phase complex, wherein the capture reagent is a biotinylated autoantigen or infectious disease antigen; washing the solid phase complex to remove excess capture reagent; incubating the solid phase complex with a serum sample to form an immune complex; washing the immune complex to remove any unbound sample; incubating the immune complex with a conjugate to create an immune-conjugate complex; washing the immune-conjugate complex to remove any unbound conjugate; introducing a substrate capable of generating a quantifiable response; and calibrating the response generated from introducing the substrate.

The disclosure relates to the extraction and detection of pathogens using carbohydrate-functionalized biosensors. Immobilized carbohydrate moieties on the biosensor provide a means for non-specific binding of a plurality of target analytes. When a sample containing the target analyte is applied or otherwise transported to the biosensor detection surface, non-specific binding interactions between the carbohydrate moiety and the analyte immobilize/retain the analyte at the detection surface. The carbohydrate moiety is a stable binding pair member that allows on-sensor rinsing of a sample to enhance detection of an analyte in the sample. Specific analyte identification can be achieved with an analyte probe having a detection moiety and a binding pair member specific to the target analyte of interest.

A quantitative method for diagnosing an autoimmune disease or an infectious disease comprising performing an automated diagnostic assay, comprising: incubating a capture reagent with a streptavidin-coated medium to form a solid phase complex, wherein the capture reagent is a biotinylated autoantigen or infectious disease antigen; washing the solid phase complex to remove excess capture reagent; incubating the solid phase complex with a serum sample to form an immune complex; washing the immune complex to remove any unbound sample; incubating the immune complex with a conjugate to create an immune-conjugate complex; washing the immune-conjugate complex to remove any unbound conjugate; introducing a substrate capable of generating a quantifiable response; and calibrating the response generated from introducing the substrate.

A quantitative method for performing an automated diagnostic assay, comprising: incubating a capture reagent with a streptavidin-coated medium to form a solid phase complex; washing the solid phase complex to remove excess capture reagent; incubating the solid phase complex with a serum sample to form an immune complex; washing the immune complex to remove any unbound sample; incubating the immune complex with a conjugate to create an immune-conjugate complex; washing the immune-conjugate complex to remove any unbound conjugate; introducing a substrate capable of generating a quantifiable response; and calibrating the response generated from introducing the substrate.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a magnetic microsphere for the separation of biological proteins. A magnetic microsphere matrix is treated by formulating and using an appropriate emulsified liquid, and modification of the surface of the magnetic microsphere matrix is realized by emulsion polymerization, thereby obtaining a magnetic microsphere coated with a polyacrylate polymer layer. Said emulsified liquid comprises the following components therein: acyclic acid monoester compounds, acyclic acid glycol compounds, initiators and optionally anionic surface active agents and water. The magnetic microsphere significantly reduces the non-specific adsorption of other proteins, without affecting the joining ability for a specific protein, when used in the separation of biological proteins. A new selection is provided to realize the separation engineering of high protein specificity adsorption.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved detection method for a specimen substance in a sample. The present invention provides a multiphase polymer fine particle having two or more polymer phases formed by aggregation of two or more polymers, respectively, at least on a surface thereof, wherein a first polymer phase can bind to a specimen substance or a substance that can specifically bind to the specimen substance, and a second polymer phase has a labeling substance. By utilizing the fine particle, the specimen substance in the sample having a biological origin or the like can be quickly detected with high sensitivity.