The present application discloses an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor. The immunosensor includes an electrode functionalized by a nanocomposite film. The film further includes carbon nanohorns dispersed in Nafion? perfluorinated resin solution. The polymeric solution is further stabilized by magnetic nanoparticles. The immunosensor is a Point of care (POC)-based. The immunosensor is configured to work in the range from 100 ng/mL to 1 fg/mL, and has tendency to detect even traces of the tropomyosin. The immunosensor is capable to detect traces even less than 1 fg/mL, hence having high specificity for Tro-Ag detection in food products with distinguished repeatability.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

Lateral-flow assay and time-resolved fluorescence technologies provide a sensitive tool for detecting norovirus particles in a sample. A flow-through assay device employs norovirus and norovirus G2 antibodies. The lateral-flow assay includes a conjugate pad having conjugated probes. The conjugated probes are particles modified with a binding member that is configured to bind with a norovirus. The particles also have a fluorescent label. A general method of detecting the virus includes (i) preparing a sample with contaminants, (ii) processing the sample and depositing it onto the assay device, and (iii) measuring the fluorescence signal.

A method of detecting a substance, wherein the method includes functionalizing a plurality of sensors, wherein the functionalizing the plurality of sensors comprises depositing a first material using a piezoelectrically actuated pipette system, wherein the first material includes a polymer, a receptor, and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises dimethylformamide. The method further includes evaporating a solution of the first material wherein a residue after the evaporation comprises a functionalized chemical. Additionally, the method includes introducing a control material to a first set of sensors of the plurality of sensors using the piezoelectrically actuated pipette system. Further, the method includes introducing a test material to a second set of sensors of the plurality of sensors using the piezoelectrically actuated pipette system, wherein the test material comprises an analyte. Moreover the method includes determining a difference between a first resonant frequency shift in the first set of sensors of the plurality of sensors and a second resonant frequency shift in the second set of sensors of the plurality of sensors.

A method of detecting a substance, wherein the method includes functionalizing a plurality of sensors, wherein the functionalizing the plurality of sensors comprises depositing a first material using a piezoelectrically actuated pipette system, wherein the first material includes a polymer, a receptor, and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises dimethylformamide. The method further includes evaporating a solution of the first material wherein a residue after the evaporation comprises a functionalized chemical. Additionally, the method includes introducing a control material to a first set of sensors of the plurality of sensors using the piezoelectrically actuated pipette system. Further, the method includes introducing a test material to a second set of sensors of the plurality of sensors using the piezoelectrically actuated pipette system, wherein the test material comprises an analyte. Moreover the method includes determining a difference between a first resonant frequency shift in the first set of sensors of the plurality of sensors and a second resonant frequency shift in the second set of sensors of the plurality of sensors.

Provided is a preparation method for an immunoelectrode. The immunoelectrode comprises a substrate, a gold layer, a conductive polymer layer and an antibody layer. The substrate, the gold layer, the conductive polymer layer and the antibody layer are sequentially attached from bottom to top. The preparation method for the immunoelectrode specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the conductive polymer layer: preparing a polypyrrole layer on a gold-plated substrate to obtain a polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; (2) preparing the immunoelectrode: preparing the antibody layer on the polypyrrole layer to obtain an antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; and (3) forming an immunoelectrode system: fixing a bare gold-plated substrate to the outer side of the antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate to obtain the immunoelectrode system. A polypyrrole material is used for fixing an antibody of a biological recognition element and immobilizing the antibody on the immunoelectrode.

Provided is a preparation method for an immunoelectrode. The immunoelectrode comprises a substrate, a gold layer, a conductive polymer layer and an antibody layer. The substrate, the gold layer, the conductive polymer layer and the antibody layer are sequentially attached from bottom to top. The preparation method for the immunoelectrode specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the conductive polymer layer: preparing a polypyrrole layer on a gold-plated substrate to obtain a polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; (2) preparing the immunoelectrode: preparing the antibody layer on the polypyrrole layer to obtain an antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; and (3) forming an immunoelectrode system: fixing a bare gold-plated substrate to the outer side of the antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate to obtain the immunoelectrode system. A polypyrrole material is used for fixing an antibody of a biological recognition element and immobilizing the antibody on the immunoelectrode.