Compositions and methods for identifying free thiols in protein are provided. An exemplary method labeling peptides with a tag to identify free thiols and a tag to identify native disulfide bonds and analyzing the tags using targeted MS.sup.2. In one embodiment, the method provides complete coverage of all 32 cysteine residues in an IgG molecule. In other embodiments the method covers the 16 cysteine residues on the heavy and light chains in an IgG molecule. In another embodiment, the method covers the 5 cysteine residues on each light chain of an IgG molecule. In another embodiment, the method covers the 11 cysteine residues on each heavy chain of an IgG molecule.

The present invention relates to a composition for the stabilization of glucose, lactate and homocysteine in blood after collection, to a use of the provided compositions and a method for the stabilization of glucose, lactate and homocysteine in blood after collection, as well as optionally the in vitro determination of glucose, lactate and homocysteine in blood, and a blood collection device provided for said use and method.

The Invention relates to a novel receptor molecule for estimation of amino acids based on florescence enhancements. Particularly, the invention relates to a novel Cu (II)-complex as a turn-on luminescence probe for selective detection of cysteine and histidine in pure aqueous environment and in biological sample as well as for detection of cyanide ions among various anions under physiological conditions.

The present invention provides S-methyl-L-ergothioneine for use in diagnosis and/or prognosis. The invention also provides a method for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of a renal disease comprising the step of determining the amount of S-methyl-L-ergothioneine in an isolated test sample of a subject, and methods for deciding or recommending whether to initiate a therapeutic intervention or for determining the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. It is also herein provided ergothioneine for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a renal lithiasis or an aminoaciduria, and ergothioneine for use in combination therapy.

Compositions and methods have been developed for the detection of homocysteine. For example, a fluorescent probe can selectively detect homocysteine based on the redox reaction between the azido group and homocysteine. The fluorescent response is selective for homocysteine over other biologically abundant thiols such as cysteine and glutathione. In addition, a linear calibration curve can be obtained for quantitative analysis in phosphate buffer and plasma.

Compositions and methods for determining the level of thiol and disulfide containing molecules in a sample are provided. The compositions and methods can be used to determine the level of oxidative stress in a subject with or without antioxidant treatment. Also provided are biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of detecting a thiol in an environment by exposing the environment to a probe molecule that contains a marker and a thiol responsive group. The thiol responsive group reversibly reacts with the thiol in the environment to form a probe-thiol adduct. This in turn causes a ratiometric change in a spectrometric property of the probe molecule and the probe-thiol adduct, which can then be correlated to the presence of the thiol in the environment. The correlation can occur by quantifying the thiol concentration in the environment. In addition, thiol detection can occur in real-time. Further embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to probe molecules that are utilized for detecting a thiol in an environment. In some embodiments, the probe molecule includes a marker and a thiol responsive group. In some embodiments, the probe molecule also includes an organelle targeting moiety.

Subject of the present invention are biomarkers and methods for the identification of risk for subsequent cardiovascular event (e.g. coronary heart disease death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hospitalizations for unstable angina pectotis, cardiac arrest) in patients that have experienced an acute coronary syndrome, comprising the detecting the level of NT-proBNP, homocysteine and CRP.

The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for determining a mitochondrial disorder of a subject or predicting a prognosis of a subject having a mitochondrial disorder, wherein the method comprises determining specific biomarkers from a sample of a subject. Also, the present invention relates to a method of selecting a treatment for a subject having a mitochondrial disorder or following up a treatment of a subject having a mitochondrial disorder, wherein the method comprises determining specific biomarkers from a sample of a subject. Still, the present invention relates to a kit comprising tools for determining said specific biomarkers from a sample of a subject and to use of the kit or specific biomarkers of the present invention for determining a mitochondrial disorder of a subject, predicting a prognosis of a subject having a mitochondrial disorder, selecting a treatment for a subject having a mitochondrial disorder or following up a treatment of a subject having a mitochondrial disorder.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for screening an intestinal environment-improving material and a screening method using the composition, and according to the composition and the method of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an effective analysis method for screening a microbiota-improving candidate material in a personalized manner by providing a method for verifying personalized probiotics, prebiotics, foods, health functional foods and drugs under in vitro conditions based on microbiota and microbiota metabolites.