A light control member exhibits strong adhesion between an alignment layer and a bead spacer and includes: a first and second laminate with a substrate and an alignment layer, and which is arranged so that the alignment layer thereof faces the alignment layer of the first laminate; a liquid crystal layer between the first laminate and the second laminate, and the alignment is controlled by driving electrodes on at least one of the first laminate and the second laminate; and a plurality of bead spacers which are arranged within the liquid crystal layer. This light control member is also characterized in that: at least one of the alignment layer of the first laminate and the alignment layer of the second laminate has a plurality of projections that protrude toward the liquid crystal layer; and at least some of the bead spacers are held by the projections.

The present invention relates to a polymer containing scattering type VA liquid crystal device with very low hysteresis characteristics. The reduction of the hysteresis is achieved by providing a pretilt angle.

The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate spaced apart from and opposite to the first substrate; a first lower alignment layer formed on an upper surface of the first substrate; a first upper alignment layer formed on a lower surface of the second substrate; a second alignment layer formed in an array on either or both of an upper surface of the first lower alignment layer and a lower surface of the first upper alignment layer; a polymer barrier positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, the polymer barrier formed on the array of the second alignment layer; and a liquid crystal positioned between the polymer barriers.

Liquid crystal modulator optical devices and more specifically shutters and smart windows are presented. The liquid crystal modulator devices are characterized by a reduced polymer content which is eliminated from the material composition of the liquid crystal layer and characterized by non-uniform electrode structures in the liquid crystal structure configured to generate spatially non-uniform electric fields and therefore non-uniform molecular reorientation of liquid crystal molecules. This arrangement advantageously makes light scattering electrically controllable.

Provided are a smart window, a sliding smart window, a smart window for a vehicle, a sun visor for a vehicle, a smart window device, and a head-mounted smart window device which have maximized user convenience.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an array substrate and a display device. The array substrate comprises a display area and a non-display area located in the periphery of the display area. A signal unit for transmitting external control signal and a gap region in which the signal unit is not disposed are provided in the non-display area. An auxiliary unit is disposed in the gap region, and the auxiliary unit and the signal unit have the same height and are electrically isolated from each other. A surface pattern of the signal unit is the same as that of the auxiliary unit in any corresponding part. In the array substrate, the segment difference in the non-display area due to the wiring are eliminated, and Rubbing Mura due to uneven rubbing strength of the rubbing roller on the periphery is reduced or eliminated, thereby achieving consistent rubbing effects.

There is provided a holographic projector comprising a reflective liquid crystal display device. The reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate. The light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy. The first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle θ.sub..Math. on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein θ.sub.1>5°. The second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle Θ.sub.2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein θ.sub.2>5°. The reflective liquid crystal display device further comprises a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x≤10 μm. The distance d between inside faces of the first substrate and second substrate satisfies 0.5 μm≤d≤3 μm, and the birefringence of the liquid crystal Δη≥0.20. The holographic projector further comprises a display driver arranged to drive the reflective liquid crystal display device to display a hologram by independently-driving each pixel at a respective modulation level selected from a plurality of modulation levels having a phase modulation value.

A transparent device for use in optical applications, and methods for using and manufacturing the device are disclosed. The device generally requires several layers, including (i) a first layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO)), (ii) a second layer comprising a transparent semiconductor (e.g., a pn-heterojunction or a pn-homojunction), the second layer having a surface facing the first layer, (iii) a third layer comprising a liquid crystal (such as E7), the third layer having a surface facing the second layer, and (iv) a fourth layer comprising either a second transparent conductive oxide or a second transparent semiconductor, the fourth layer having a surface facing the third layer. When light illuminates a surface of the transparent metal oxide pn-heterojunction or transparent metal oxide pn-homojunction, it induces photoconductivity, modifying the surface charges.

A liquid crystal display device includes: a plurality of scan lines and signal lines on one of a pair of substrates arranged to be opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, the scan lines and signal lines extending in different directions; and an orientation film, pixel electrode, insulating layer and common electrode, the orientation film being rubbed in a rubbing direction having a given inclination with respect to a pixel arrangement direction. The pixel electrode is partitioned by the scan lines and signal lines and has subpixels made up of first and second regions. The first region has a plurality of slit-shaped openings having a given inclination in a first direction with respect to the rubbing direction. The second region has a plurality of slit-shaped openings having a given inclination in a second direction with respect to the rubbing direction.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent composition comprising a polymerizable liquid crystal alignment polymer; and a catalyst precursor compound of a specific structure, a method for preparing a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display using the same.