An electrode for electrochemical cells including an electrically conductive cohesive membrane having a thickness defined by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; ohmic impedance independent of membrane thickness; simultaneous uniform charge/discharge throughout membrane thickness; the membrane comprising open cell pores and surfaces; a current collector electrically strongly coupled to the entire membrane thickness; and pins extending through the membrane from the first surface to the second surface; the pins electrically coupled to the current collector having eliminated prior art problematical interfacial layers.

The present disclosure relates to the manufacture and use of redox electrodes and their use in cell lysis. In certain embodiments, the redox electrodes are manufactured using a hybrid material approach, such as using a redox polymer in combination with a support substrate, such as cellulose fibers or paper. In certain implementations, the redox electrodes are suitable for use at voltages greater than 25 Volts.

The present disclosure relates to the manufacture and use of redox electrodes and their use in cell lysis. In certain embodiments, the redox electrodes are manufactured using a hybrid material approach, such as using a redox polymer in combination with a support substrate, such as cellulose fibers or paper. In certain implementations, the redox electrodes are suitable for use at voltages greater than 25 Volts.

Embodiments include an electrode material including a plurality of cores fused to a plurality of redox active linkers via Aza units to form a layered two-dimensional (2D) Aza-fused pi-conjugated covalent organic framework (COF). Embodiments also include a negative electrode material including the electrode material, as well as a supercapacitor device and an asymmetric supercapacitor device including the electrode material. Embodiments further include a method of making an electrode material including one or more of the following steps: combining a hexaketocyclohexane compound and an aromatic tetraamine compound in a solution; mixing the solution including the hexaketocyclohexane compound and the aromatic tetraamine compound; and heating the mixed solution to form a 2D Aza-fused pi-conjugated COF.

A nanocomposite electrode and a method of making the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite electrode includes an electrode substrate, nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide nanosheets, at least one electrolyte, at least one binding compound, and at least one conductive additive. The electrode substrate is coated with a mixture of the nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide nanosheets, at least one binding compound, at least one conductive additive, and at least one electrolyte, where the electrolyte penetrates the pores of the nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide nanosheets, and where the nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide nanosheets are an outer layer of the electrode.

A hybrid supercapacitor, including at least one negative electrode that includes a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox active material, or a mixture thereof, at least one positive electrode that includes a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox active material, or a mixture thereof, at least one separator that is situated between the at least one negative electrode and the at least one positive electrode, and an electrolyte composition, with the condition that at least one electrode includes a statically capacitive active material, and at least one electrode includes an electrochemical redox active material, the electrolyte composition being a liquid electrolyte composition and including at least one liquid, aprotic, organic solvent, at least one conducting salt, and at least one additive.

A hybrid supercapacitor, including at least one negative electrode having a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox-active material, or a mixture of them; at least one positive electrode having a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox-active material, or a mixture of them; at least one separator situated between the at least one negative electrode and the at least one positive electrode; and an electrolyte mixture; with the provision that at least one electrode includes a statically capacitive active material, and at least one electrode includes an electrochemical, redox-active material; the electrolyte mixture being a liquid electrolyte mixture and including at least one liquid, aprotic, organic solvent, at least one conducting salt, and at least one at least partially halogenated, aromatic compound.

A conductive film that includes: particles of a layered material including one or more layers, wherein each of the one or more layers includes a layer body represented by: M.sub.mX.sub.n, wherein M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is 1 to 4, m is greater than n and 5 or less, a modification or termination T is present on a surface of the layer body, where the T is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, or a hydrogen atom; and a phosphorus atom in an amount of 0.001% by mass to less than 0.09% by mass.

Ternary composite material, electrode, supercapacitor, and related methods. A ternary composite material includes a scaffold formed of carbon nanotubes (CNT), a first layer of zeolitic imidazolate 8 (ZIF-8) crystals formed on the scaffold of the CNT, and a second layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes formed on the first layer of the ZIF-8 crystals. An electrode can be formed with the ternary composite. A supercapacitor may include one or more electrodes that are at least partly formed of the ternary composite material. Methods of producing the ternary composite material and the electrodes are also disclosed.

A three-dimensional electrode array for use in electrochemical cells, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors, flow batteries, metal-air batteries and semi-solid batteries.