The present disclosure relates to fluoride ion batteries and structures of metal based electrode materials for various fluoride ion batteries. The structures of the metal based electrode materials comprise one or more shells or interfaces, enabling the electrodes to operate at room temperature with a liquid electrolyte.

The present disclosure relates to fluoride ion batteries and structures of metal based electrode materials for various fluoride ion batteries. The structures of the metal based electrode materials comprise one or more shells or interfaces, enabling the electrodes to operate at room temperature with a liquid electrolyte.

One of the objects of the present invention is to suppress a short circuit due to metal deposition in an insulating layer in a secondary battery in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are disposed to face each other via the insulating layer. The secondary battery comprises a battery element including at least one positive electrode 11 and at least one negative electrode 12, and a casing that seals the battery element together with an electrolyte. At least one of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 comprises a current collector, an active material layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, and an insulating layer 112 formed on the surface of the active material layer. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte component and a crosslinked gelling agent. The gelling agent exists at least between the active material layer of the positive electrode 11 and the active material layer of the negative electrode 12, and the ratio Rg of the gelling agent to 100% by mass of the electrolyte component in between the active material layer of the positive electrode 11 and the active material layer of the negative electrode 12 is 0<Rg≤5% by mass.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a dry electrode. The method allows determination of the micro-fibrilization degree of a binder resin from the crystallinity of the binder resin. Based on this, the processing conditions of mixed powder for electrode or an electrode film may be controlled. In this manner, it is possible to check and control the processing conditions easily and efficiently. In addition, the method for manufacturing a dry electrode includes a kneading step using a kneader under a low speed and high temperature and pulverization step. Therefore, there is no problem of blocking of a flow path caused by aggregation of the ingredients, which is favorable to mass production.

Electrolytes and electrochemical cells include a novel ionic liquid having a quaternary cation and a boron cluster anion. In some versions, the boron cluster anion will be a functionalized or unfunctionalized icosahedral boranyl or carboranyl anion. Electrochemical cells have an electrolyte including the ionic liquid. In some versions, the ionic liquid is used as a solvent to dissolve an ionic shuttle salt for transport of active material, with an optional co-solvent. Methods to synthesize the ionic liquid include contacting a boron cluster salt with a quaternary salt to form the ionic liquid by a metathesis reaction.

A material of porous graphene nanowires with a pore-rich structure is formed by synthesis of catalyst nanowires for porous graphene nanowires, chemical vapor deposition of a carbon source on the catalysts to grow graphene, removal of residual catalyst, and formation of the porous graphene nanowires. The porous graphene nanowires can be used as an electrochemical energy storage material, carriers of catalysts, a conductive material, an adsorption material, a desorption material, or the like.

The invention generally relates to electrochemically active structures and methods of making thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to electrochemically active structure comprising a crystalline electride comprising a nitride or carbide of at least one of: an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a lanthanide metal, or a combination thereof, wherein the electride has a lattice capable of intercalating at least one ion, thereby releasing at least one electron into an external circuit; and wherein a change in lattice volume of the electride upon intercalating the at least one ion is less than about 40%. Further, methods of making these electrochemically active structures are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates to electrochemically active structures and methods of making thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to electrochemically active structure comprising a crystalline electride comprising a nitride or carbide of at least one of: an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a lanthanide metal, or a combination thereof, wherein the electride has a lattice capable of intercalating at least one ion, thereby releasing at least one electron into an external circuit; and wherein a change in lattice volume of the electride upon intercalating the at least one ion is less than about 40%. Further, methods of making these electrochemically active structures are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery that has high energy density and capacity and has excellent cycle characteristics. The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode that is free of a negative electrode active material, a separator that is disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode, a positive electrode that is disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the separator and contains a positive electrode active material, and electrolytic solution, wherein the lithium secondary battery includes a layer containing an anion-absorbing conductive polymer between the positive electrode current collector and the separator.

A method of making a positive electrode includes forming a slurry of particles using an electrode formulation, a diluent, and oxalic acid, coating the slurry on a collector and drying the coating on the collector to form the positive electrode. The electrode formulation includes an electrode active material, a conductive carbon source, an organic polymeric binder, and a water soluble polymer. The diluent consists essentially of water.