A system and method for implementing and manufacturing a hierarchy system for use with a TMCCC-containing electrically-conductive structure (e.g., an electrode) as well as methods for use and manufacturing of such structures and electrochemical cells including these devices. Structures and methods include a coordination complex having L.sub.xM.sub.yN.sub.zTi.sub.a1V.sub.a2Cr.sub.a3Mn.sub.a4Fe.sub.a5Co.sub.a6Ni.sub.a7Cu.sub.a8Zn.sub.a9Ca.sub.a10Mg.sub.a11[R(CN).sub.6].sub.b (H.sub.2O).sub.c. The method includes binding electrochemically active material to produce a hierarchical structure, the hierarchical structure having a plurality of primary crystallites having a size D1, the plurality of these primary crystallites agglomerated into a set of agglomerates each agglomerate having a size D2>D1.

Provided are a laminated battery capable of suppressing a level drop of an electrolyte caused by expansion of a negative electrode active material during discharge, and a manufacturing method for the laminated battery.

An enclosure member of the laminated battery is constituted by affixing a first resin film and a second resin film to each other, and a separator is arranged inside the enclosure member between a positive electrode (for example, a first electrode) and a negative electrode (for example, a second electrode). A peripheral edge portion of the separator is fixed to a peripheral edge portion of the enclosure member (the first resin film or the second resin film).

This invention relates to a zinc powder electrode formed on a MXene framework. The zinc powder anode formed on an MXene framework, referred to as an MXene@Zn electrode can act as an anode and/or cathode for an electrochemical cell or battery. As such, the present invention further relates to an electrode comprising MXene@Zn and a battery comprising such an electrode.

Provided is encapsulated electroactive materials for use in rechargeable aqueous zinc cells, batteries, systems, and associated methods. A core-shell composite particle includes a core of electrochemically active material, and a shell of a polyelectrolyte matrix, substantially insoluble in water, yet allowing the transport of zinc cations to and from the electrochemically active core. A method for preparing the core-shell composite electrochemically active particle includes mechanically dispersing the electrochemically active material particles in association with the polyelectrolyte solution, insolubilizing the polyelectrolyte in the presence of the dispersed electrochemically active material particles, washing the encapsulated particles particle with water, and drying the washed encapsulated particles

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an anode active material layer with excellent cycle property. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an anode active material layer to be used in an alkaline storage battery, the anode active material layer comprising a Zn based active material, and an additive; and the additive includes at least one kind of Mg, Sr and La; a solubility (25° C.) of the additive with respect to a potassium hydrate aqueous solution of concentration of 6 M is 120 mg/L or less; and a ratio of the additive with respect to the Zn based active material is 1 weight % or more and 60 weight % or less.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an anode active material layer with excellent cycle property. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an anode active material layer to be used in an alkaline storage battery, the anode active material layer comprising a Zn based active material, and an additive; and the additive includes at least one kind of Mg, Sr and La; a solubility (25° C.) of the additive with respect to a potassium hydrate aqueous solution of concentration of 6 M is 120 mg/L or less; and a ratio of the additive with respect to the Zn based active material is 1 weight % or more and 60 weight % or less.

A method for manufacturing an electrochemical device, implementing a process for manufacturing a porous electrode having a porous layer deposited on a substrate, the porous layer having a porosity of between 20% and 60% by volume and pores with an average diameter of less than 50 nm. The method includes providing a substrate and a colloidal suspension including aggregates or agglomerates of monodisperse primary nanoparticles of an active electrode material, having an average primary diameter of between 2 and 60 nm, the aggregates or agglomerates having an average diameter of between 50 nm and 300 nm, then depositing a layer from the colloidal suspension on the substrate, then drying and consolidating the layer to obtain a mesoporous layer, and then depositing a coating of an electronically conductive material on and inside the pores of the layer.

Battery separators and methods of making such separators are provided. The separators can be used in various alkaline batteries such as a Zn/MnO.sub.2 battery or the like. An alkaline battery separator comprises a first layer of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, a second layer of cellulose or a cellulose derivative and a third layer comprising a water soluble polymer. The battery separator has reduced pore sizes to reduce clogging, while still maintaining desirable wet ionic resistance, basis weight and absorption performance.

Battery separators and methods of making such separators are provided. The separators can be used in various alkaline batteries such as a Zn/MnO.sub.2 battery or the like. An alkaline battery separator comprises a first layer of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, a second layer of cellulose or a cellulose derivative and a third layer comprising a water soluble polymer. The battery separator has reduced pore sizes to reduce clogging, while still maintaining desirable wet ionic resistance, basis weight and absorption performance.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.