Provided is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator capable of more effectively restraining short circuiting caused by zinc dendrites. The LDH separator includes a porous substrate made of a polymer material and LDH plugging pores in the porous substrate, and has a linear transmittance of 1% or more at a wavelength of 1000 nm.

Provided is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator capable of more effectively restraining short circuiting caused by zinc dendrites. The LDH separator includes a porous substrate made of a polymer material and LDH plugging pores in the porous substrate, and has a linear transmittance of 1% or more at a wavelength of 1000 nm.

Provided is a laminate battery in which a short circuit between a negative electrode active material and a positive electrode due to expansion of the negative electrode active material during discharging is prevented.

A laminate battery includes a battery case that serves as an outer case. The laminate battery includes an inner case within a battery case 11, and the inner case is formed of a positive electrode storage case and a separator. An inside of the inner case serves as a positive electrode storage portion that stores a positive electrode. An outside of the inner case serves as a negative electrode storage portion that stores a negative electrode. The negative electrode uses a particulate negative electrode active material (e.g., zinc or zinc oxide).

Provided is an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst comprising platinum-containing nanoparticles and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a specific polymer containing a melamine compound as a monomer and a specific melamine compound, the electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst having not only high oxygen reduction activity (low overvoltage), but also high durability at 70 to 85° C., which are practical temperature conditions.

A method for using an integrated battery and device structure includes using two or more stacked electrochemical cells integrated with each other formed overlying a surface of a substrate. The two or more stacked electrochemical cells include related two or more different electrochemistries with one or more devices formed using one or more sequential deposition processes. The one or more devices are integrated with the two or more stacked electrochemical cells to form the integrated battery and device structure as a unified structure overlying the surface of the substrate. The one or more stacked electrochemical cells and the one or more devices are integrated as the unified structure using the one or more sequential deposition processes. The integrated battery and device structure is configured such that the two or more stacked electrochemical cells and one or more devices are in electrical, chemical, and thermal conduction with each other.

A method for using an integrated battery and device structure includes using two or more stacked electrochemical cells integrated with each other formed overlying a surface of a substrate. The two or more stacked electrochemical cells include related two or more different electrochemistries with one or more devices formed using one or more sequential deposition processes. The one or more devices are integrated with the two or more stacked electrochemical cells to form the integrated battery and device structure as a unified structure overlying the surface of the substrate. The one or more stacked electrochemical cells and the one or more devices are integrated as the unified structure using the one or more sequential deposition processes. The integrated battery and device structure is configured such that the two or more stacked electrochemical cells and one or more devices are in electrical, chemical, and thermal conduction with each other.

An air-metal secondary battery has an electrode including a porous carbon material, wherein the porous carbon material has a specific surface area of 280 m.sup.2/g or more, preferably 700 m.sup.2/g or more, more preferably 1,500 m.sup.2/g or more, as determined by a nitrogen BET method, and the air-metal secondary battery has an average charging voltage of 4.4 V or less, preferably 4.3 V or less, more preferably 4.1 V or less.

An air-metal secondary battery has an electrode including a porous carbon material, wherein the porous carbon material has a specific surface area of 280 m.sup.2/g or more, preferably 700 m.sup.2/g or more, more preferably 1,500 m.sup.2/g or more, as determined by a nitrogen BET method, and the air-metal secondary battery has an average charging voltage of 4.4 V or less, preferably 4.3 V or less, more preferably 4.1 V or less.

This disclosure provides a battery comprising a cathode and an anode positioned opposite the cathode. A hybrid artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (A-SEI) layer is deposited on the anode and includes a plurality of active components. A blended material is interwoven throughout the plurality of active components and configured to inhibit growth of Lithium (Li) dendritic structures from the anode to the cathode. The blended material includes a combination of crystalline sp.sup.2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a plurality of flexible wrinkle areas positioned at joinder points of two of more of the crystalline sp.sup.2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a polymeric matrix configured to bind the plurality of active components and the blended material together. An electrolyte is in contact with the hybrid A-SEI and the cathode and a separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The blended material includes curable carboxylate salts of metals.

This disclosure provides a battery comprising a cathode and an anode positioned opposite the cathode. A hybrid artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (A-SEI) layer is deposited on the anode and includes a plurality of active components. A blended material is interwoven throughout the plurality of active components and configured to inhibit growth of Lithium (Li) dendritic structures from the anode to the cathode. The blended material includes a combination of crystalline sp.sup.2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a plurality of flexible wrinkle areas positioned at joinder points of two of more of the crystalline sp.sup.2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a polymeric matrix configured to bind the plurality of active components and the blended material together. An electrolyte is in contact with the hybrid A-SEI and the cathode and a separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The blended material includes curable carboxylate salts of metals.