Modular cable assembly for utility scale PV modules. The assemblies contain pairs of cables that connect strings of PV modules to inverters for commercial electrical production. In some versions, the pairs are sheathed or laminated to contain the cable pairs and position the modular connectors for simple connection to the PV cabling. In some versions, the inverter end of the cable assembly has the sheathing of laminate removed for efficiency of cable assembly.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling a solar light voltage, which is capable of decreasing an output stage voltage of an AC EMC filter by connecting a load to an output stage of the AC EMC filter. The apparatus includes: a DC filter configured to receive a DC voltage from a DC solar module and reduce a noise of the DC voltage; an inverter configured to convert the DC voltage with the reduced noise into an AC voltage; and an AC filter configured to reduce a noise of the AC voltage and output the AC voltage with the reduced noise to a power system through an output stage.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling a solar light voltage, which is capable of decreasing an output stage voltage of an AC EMC filter by connecting a load to an output stage of the AC EMC filter. The apparatus includes: a DC filter configured to receive a DC voltage from a DC solar module and reduce a noise of the DC voltage; an inverter configured to convert the DC voltage with the reduced noise into an AC voltage; and an AC filter configured to reduce a noise of the AC voltage and output the AC voltage with the reduced noise to a power system through an output stage.

An assembly for fastening a conduit to a flashing structure that is typically secured to a shingled roof. The apparatus includes an adjustable clamp that can be secured to a cap on the flashing. A conduit is laid on top of the cap and the adjustable clamp is positioned on top of the conduit and is snapped in place along the perimeter of the cap. An adjustable bolt is threaded through the top of the clamp with a curved saddle that resides beneath the clamp and conforms to the shape of the conduit's outer surface. The bolt can then be adjusted to tighten the conduit to the cap. An exemplary use of the clamp involves securing conduit for running electrical wiring throughout a solar panel array.

A system of modules that hold components for operating an external energy source including solar cells and other energy sources is provided, where upon assembly of the modules an electrical cabinet with a module internal air channel for air duct cooling for the components is created. The resulting modular cabinet is only as large as required and is easily expandable. Modules are no larger than the components housed therein and the modules are easy to handle. Interior modules can be in any order reducing the chance of error during assembly and allowing modules in certain positions which may ease installation or operation. Components are thermally connected at the factory to a portion of the air duct in each module and none of the present challenges associated with thermal connection exist at the time of installation.

A method of generating electricity from light, that uses a photovoltaic array, that includes a junction between an inorganic electron-donating layer and an inorganic electron-accepting layer. The electron-donating layer includes moieties which after photon activation have unpaired electrons, and wherein some of the electrons are freed when light strikes the electron-donating layer, thereby transforming the moieties into free radicals or equivalents but many of the freed electrons recombine. Also, many of the free radicals or equivalents in the triplet state are optimally responsive to a selective magnetic field that has been determined to optimally increase the lifetime of the triplet state of the free radicals and thereby forestall recombination of the freed electrons into the free radicals. A magnetic field of substantially the optimal strength that is substantially unvarying over the electron donating layer is created as the array is being exposed to light.

A method of generating electricity from light, that uses a photovoltaic array, that includes a junction between an inorganic electron-donating layer and an inorganic electron-accepting layer. The electron-donating layer includes moieties which after photon activation have unpaired electrons, and wherein some of the electrons are freed when light strikes the electron-donating layer, thereby transforming the moieties into free radicals or equivalents but many of the freed electrons recombine. Also, many of the free radicals or equivalents in the triplet state are optimally responsive to a selective magnetic field that has been determined to optimally increase the lifetime of the triplet state of the free radicals and thereby forestall recombination of the freed electrons into the free radicals. A magnetic field of substantially the optimal strength that is substantially unvarying over the electron donating layer is created as the array is being exposed to light.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a methods and apparatuses for disconnecting, by a device, elements at certain parts of an electrical system. The method may include measuring operational parameters at certain locations within the system and/or receiving messages from control devices indicating a potentially unsafe condition, disconnecting and/or short-circuiting system elements in response, and reconnection the system elements when it is safe to do so. Certain embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for providing operational power to safety switches during different modes of system operation.

A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells arranged in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. The solar cell module may comprise for example a series connected string of N greater than or equal to 25 rectangular or substantially rectangular solar cells having on average a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts, with the solar cells grouped into one or more super cells each of which comprises two or more of the solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other, and with no single solar cell or group of <N solar cells in the string of solar cells individually electrically connected in parallel with a bypass diode.

A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells arranged in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. The solar cell module may comprise for example a series connected string of N greater than or equal to 25 rectangular or substantially rectangular solar cells having on average a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts, with the solar cells grouped into one or more super cells each of which comprises two or more of the solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other, and with no single solar cell or group of <N solar cells in the string of solar cells individually electrically connected in parallel with a bypass diode.