An applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising a cellulosic substrate having anionic sites (e.g. paper, paper laminates, cardboard or a woven or non-woven plant fabric such as a wood pulp or cotton material); and an impregnated or coated composition, the impregnated composition comprising a bioactive cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect, for example, a biocidal effect, enhanced skin feel, enhanced skin health and fabric softening. The applicator may be in the form of a sheet wipe, with a single or multiple layers of cellulosic substrate. The applicator is preferably substantially dry. Also, an applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising at least two layers of cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; said layers being adhered to each other by an adhesive composition comprising a cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect. The adhesive composition may also comprise a water-soluble or water dispersible adhesive polymer. Also methods of preparing and using the applicator e.g. to disinfect skin or an inanimate surface.

An applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising a cellulosic substrate having anionic sites (e.g. paper, paper laminates, cardboard or a woven or non-woven plant fabric such as a wood pulp or cotton material); and an impregnated or coated composition, the impregnated composition comprising a bioactive cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect, for example, a biocidal effect, enhanced skin feel, enhanced skin health and fabric softening. The applicator may be in the form of a sheet wipe, with a single or multiple layers of cellulosic substrate. The applicator is preferably substantially dry. Also, an applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising at least two layers of cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; said layers being adhered to each other by an adhesive composition comprising a cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect. The adhesive composition may also comprise a water-soluble or water dispersible adhesive polymer. Also methods of preparing and using the applicator e.g. to disinfect skin or an inanimate surface.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing an antibacterial cover window. The method includes a first step of preparing a substrate, a second step of forming a mask pattern on the substrate through a patterning process, a third step of forming an antibacterial layer on the substrate on which the mask pattern is formed, and a fourth step of removing the mask pattern to obtain an antibacterial pattern formed on the substrate. Through the method, it is possible to produce a cover window with antibacterial patterns regularly and uniformly distributed over the entire area thereof. Thus, the cover window has long-lasting excellent antibacterial property over the entire area thereof.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing an antibacterial cover window. The method includes a first step of preparing a substrate, a second step of forming a mask pattern on the substrate through a patterning process, a third step of forming an antibacterial layer on the substrate on which the mask pattern is formed, and a fourth step of removing the mask pattern to obtain an antibacterial pattern formed on the substrate. Through the method, it is possible to produce a cover window with antibacterial patterns regularly and uniformly distributed over the entire area thereof. Thus, the cover window has long-lasting excellent antibacterial property over the entire area thereof.

A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses. A method of manufacturing the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet and means for alerting the user on the expiration of the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet are also presented.

A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses. A method of manufacturing the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet and means for alerting the user on the expiration of the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet are also presented.

Certain embodiments described herein are directed to door knob covers, latch covers, urinal handle covers and other covers that can reversibly couple to an underlying structure. In some examples, the cover comprises a bioactive material that can kill or inactivate bioorganisms. The bioactive material can be a photocatalyst and may also comprise one or more transition metals. Methods of preventing or reducing the spread of infections using the covers are also described.

Certain embodiments described herein are directed to door knob covers, latch covers, urinal handle covers and other covers that can reversibly couple to an underlying structure. In some examples, the cover comprises a bioactive material that can kill or inactivate bioorganisms. The bioactive material can be a photocatalyst and may also comprise one or more transition metals. Methods of preventing or reducing the spread of infections using the covers are also described.

The disclosure provides a casing including a substrate, a transparent fluorescent identifying part, and a transparent antibacterial film. The transparent fluorescent identifying part is disposed on the substrate. The transparent antibacterial film covers the substrate and the transparent fluorescent identifying part. A method of manufacturing the casing is also provided.

The disclosure provides a casing including a substrate, a transparent fluorescent identifying part, and a transparent antibacterial film. The transparent fluorescent identifying part is disposed on the substrate. The transparent antibacterial film covers the substrate and the transparent fluorescent identifying part. A method of manufacturing the casing is also provided.