Methods and systems are described for generating a process-voltage-temperature (PVT)-dependent reference voltage at a reference branch circuit based on a reference current obtained via a band gap generator and a common mode voltage input, generating a PVT-dependent output voltage at an output of a static analog calibration circuit responsive to the common mode voltage input and an adjustable current, adjusting the adjustable current through the static analog calibration circuit according to a control signal generated responsive to comparisons of the PVT-dependent output voltage to the PVT-dependent reference voltage, and configuring a clocked data sampler with a PVT-calibrated current by providing the control signal to the clocked data sampler.

A device includes a sensor configured to output an analog sensor signal, an analog-to-digital converter circuit configured to convert the analog sensor signal into a sigma-delta-modulated digital signal having a bit width of n bits, and a pulse width modulator configured to generate a pulse-width-modulated signal based on the sigma-delta-modulated digital signal.

A pipeline analog to digital converter includes converter circuitries and a calibration circuitry. The converter circuitries sequentially convert an input signal into a plurality of first digital codes, in which a first converter circuitry in the converter circuitries is configured to perform a quantization according to a first signal to generate a first corresponding digital code in the first digital codes, and the first signal is a signal, which is processed by the first converter circuitry, of the input signal and a previous stage residue signal. The calibration circuitry combines the first digital codes to output a second digital code, detects whether the quantization is completed to generate control signals, and determines whether to set the second digital code to be a second corresponding digital code in predetermined digital codes according to the control signals.

An analog filter, comprising, a first-time encoding machine (TEM); and a first delay element.

Provided are an analog-to-digital converter and/or an operating method thereof. The analog-to-digital converter includes a sample/hold circuit, a digital-to-analog converter, a comparing circuit, and a control logic circuit, wherein the digital-to-analog converter includes a first capacitor connected to a first comparison node and a first filtering node, a first reference voltage switch connected to the first filtering node and connected to a first delivery node or a first transmission node, a first pre-charge switch connected to the first filtering node or the first delivery node, and a first pre-charge capacitor connected to the first pre-charge switch and a ground voltage.

The present disclosure discloses a band-pass analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a bidirectional voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) including a first converter configured to receive an analog input signal and quantize the analog input signal according to a first clock signal to output a first digital signal, a second converter configured to receive the analog input signal and quantize the analog input signal in a time-interleaving manner according to a second clock signal, which has a phase opposite to that of the first clock signal, to output a second digital signal, and a multiplexer configured to receive the first and second digital signals and select one of the two signals in response to the first clock signal to finally output a digital output signal.

A measurement system, its assembly and use are disclose. The system may include an instrument for making sensor measurements. The instrument has a substantially cylindrical housing. The shape and size allow the instrument to easily fit in an average hand enabling handheld operation. The housing houses a board stack of electronic boards. These electronics drive an electrical signal in at least one drive channel and measure responses from at least two sensing channels. These responses are provided to a processor for analysis. The instrument has a sensor connector that enables simultaneous electrical and mechanical attachment of an end effector.

A measurement system, its assembly and use are disclose. The system may include an instrument for making sensor measurements. The instrument has a substantially cylindrical housing. The shape and size allow the instrument to easily fit in an average hand enabling handheld operation. The housing houses a board stack of electronic boards. These electronics drive an electrical signal in at least one drive channel and measure responses from at least two sensing channels. These responses are provided to a processor for analysis. The instrument has a sensor connector that enables simultaneous electrical and mechanical attachment of an end effector.

Provided are a pulse laser ranging system and method employing a time domain waveform matching technique. The system comprises a software part and a hardware part. The hardware part comprises an optical collimation system, an FPGA, a filter, a photoelectric conversion system, an analog amplifier circuit, a laser transmitter, a signal combination system, an ADC sampling system and a narrow pulse laser transmitting circuit. When transmitting a control signal to control laser transmission, the FPGA sends a time reference pulse to the signal combination system. The signal combination system integrates the time reference pulse with a fixed amplitude analog echo signal to form an echo signal with a time reference. The echo signal with a time reference is quantified into a digital detection signal in the ADC sampling system. The digital detection signal is sent to the FPGA to undergo data analysis. The software part is used to perform time domain waveform matching analysis to obtain a ranging result. The ranging result is output by the FPGA.

Provided are a pulse laser ranging system and method employing a time domain waveform matching technique. The system comprises a software part and a hardware part. The hardware part comprises an optical collimation system, an FPGA, a filter, a photoelectric conversion system, an analog amplifier circuit, a laser transmitter, a signal combination system, an ADC sampling system and a narrow pulse laser transmitting circuit. When transmitting a control signal to control laser transmission, the FPGA sends a time reference pulse to the signal combination system. The signal combination system integrates the time reference pulse with a fixed amplitude analog echo signal to form an echo signal with a time reference. The echo signal with a time reference is quantified into a digital detection signal in the ADC sampling system. The digital detection signal is sent to the FPGA to undergo data analysis. The software part is used to perform time domain waveform matching analysis to obtain a ranging result. The ranging result is output by the FPGA.