A method for generating automation for a remote terminal unit, in which automation for the remote terminal unit is generated by a computer-implemented configuration tool in conformance with specifications of the VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 standard, so as to subsequent communication of the remote terminal unit with a control system for an industrial plant to operate and monitor the remote terminal unit, where a data communications part of the automation is adapted to the specific requirements of communication of the remote terminal unit with external computing units, and where bidirectional communication mechanisms provided for in the VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 standard are each replaced by two unidirectional communication mechanisms.

In one embodiment, a system, apparatus, and method are described for providing limited data connectivity for devices connected to a switch when the switch enters bootloader mode. The switch has a central processing unit (CPU), the CPU comprising a reload handler and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), the ASIC comprising ASIC forwarding logic. The ASIC is instructed, by the reload handler, to store an ASIC database, the ASIC database for storing the ASIC forwarding logic. The reload handler maintains a physical layer (PHY) state of the switch. Use of spanning tree protocol (STP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) keepalive is disabled in the switch. A state of stack hardware is retained in switch memory. New ports of the switch are prevented from becoming active, and the ASIC forwarding logic is, in response to receiving the instruction, stored in the ASIC database. Related systems, apparatuses, and methods are also described.

A streaming policy management system and method wherein bandwidth may be allocated based on external device information received from a streaming client device connected to one or more external audio/video (A/V) devices. When a streaming network back office receives a request from the streaming client device for delivery of a particular content, wherein the request includes external device information of one or more external A/V devices connected to the streaming client device, a bandwidth is determined for streaming the particular content to the streaming client device and a request may be made to a content delivery network to create a distribution pipe having the bandwidth to accommodate the delivery of the particular content. A manifest file is provided to the streaming client device that includes one or more pointers that point to content segments of the particular content.

A data transmission method in an optical transport network includes: mapping first-type service data to a payload block at a specific location in a plurality of consecutive payload blocks, where the plurality of consecutive payload blocks occupy a payload area of an optical data unit (ODU) frame; mapping second-type service data to a payload block at any location in the plurality of consecutive payload blocks other than the at least one specific location; mapping the ODU frame to an optical transport unit (OTU) frame or a flexible OTN (FlexO) frame; and sending the OTU frame or the FlexO frame. In an applicable scenario, service data is transmitted in a hybrid manner.

A method for creating a normalized binary specification model may include receiving one or more existing binary information documents describing at least one of a binary communication protocol, a binary data storage format, or a binary data processing architecture; discerning relevant binary information items from within the one or more corresponding binary information documents; converting the relevant binary information items into normalized binary components; generating identifiers and assigning a respective identifier to each of the normalized binary components to produce identified normalized binary components; and creating a respective ordered list for each of the normalized binary components.

A framework for joint computation, caching, and request forwarding in data-centric computing-based networks comprises a virtual control plane, which operates on request counters for computations and data, and an actual plane, which handles computation requests, data requests, data objects and computation results in the physical network. A throughput optimal policy, implemented in the virtual plane, provides a basis for adaptive and distributed computation, caching, and request forwarding in the actual plane. The framework provides superior performance in terms of request satisfaction delay as compared with several baseline policies over multiple network topologies.

A non-access stratum based access method and a terminal supporting the same. The terminal receives an Internet protocol (IP) address allocated from a first gateway included in a non-3.sup.rd generation partnership project (3GPP) access network. In addition, the terminal applies a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol to a first device managing mobility of the terminal through the IP address.

A data packet comprises a header and a payload. At least one digital signal processor is used to configure the payload to transport at least one full service data unit, one or two service data unit fragments, or at least one full service data unit and at least one service data unit fragment. A service data unit fragment is only located (i) at the beginning of the payload or at the end of the payload or (ii) at the beginning of the payload and at the end of the payload. At least one digital signal processor is used to configure a single field in the header consisting of a first bit and a second bit, even when a number of full service data units and service data unit fragments in the payload is more than two, the single field indicating whether (i) the payload begins with a fragment of a service data unit and (ii) the payload ends with a service data unit fragment. At least one digital signal processor is used to form the data packet including the configured header and the configured payload. A transmitter transmits the data packet.

A distributed networking system and protocol is provided to a networking system with a modular design. The distributed networking system may include a networking system, modules, control module, user interface module, input/output module, network module, data transmission network, hybrid modules and composite modules. A method to interface with accessories of a system with a modular design using the distributed networking system and protocol is also provided.

Methods and systems for enabling multiple mobile devices to access an access gateway when at least one of the multiple mobile devices is unable to establish a virtual private network connection with the access gateway are described herein. For example, in some embodiments, a mobile device may configure itself as a member of a mesh network. A virtual private network connection may be established between the mobile device and the access gateway. The mesh network may include one or more other member devices that are unable to establish a virtual private network with the access gateway. After completing its configuration, the mobile device may receive, over a peer-to-peer connection of the mesh network, data that is intended for the access gateway and that is from one of the other member devices. The mobile device may transmit the data to the access gateway via the virtual private network connection.