A data transmission method in an optical transport network includes: mapping first-type service data to a payload block at a specific location in a plurality of consecutive payload blocks, where the plurality of consecutive payload blocks occupy a payload area of an optical data unit (ODU) frame; mapping second-type service data to a payload block at any location in the plurality of consecutive payload blocks other than the at least one specific location; mapping the ODU frame to an optical transport unit (OTU) frame or a flexible OTN (FlexO) frame; and sending the OTU frame or the FlexO frame. In an applicable scenario, service data is transmitted in a hybrid manner.

A method includes receiving tunnel information and end point information in response to a request to a distributed cluster. A common tunnel type supported by a source switch and a destination switch is selected. A packet is encapsulated with the common tunnel type supported by the source switch and the destination switch for a destination virtual machine (VM).

A method and system for performing operations in a canary-based communication protocol; specifically, an acknowledgment-less scheme to reduce completion latency and increase effective bandwidth utilization on a computer expansion bus is disclosed. In one embodiment, a host selects a canary to represent whether a data stream of unknown content has been received. The host sends the canary to the target over a communication protocol and then marks a portion of a memory buffer with the same canary. Since the data may be unknown, the canary chosen could be the same value as the data. As such, when processing a request and transmitting data back to the host, the target can do real-time detection to determine whether a canary collision will occur. If a collision does occur, the target can remedy the collision without the need to time out and retry the operation.

Examples relate to fast failover recovery in software defined networks. In some examples, a failure in a first primary tree is detected during data transmission of a data packet, where the primary tree is associated with a first group entry that is configured to direct each of the data packets to one of a first set of destination devices. A notification of the failure is sent to a remote controller device, where the remote controller device identifies backup trees of the route trees that does not include the failure. After the remote controller device updates the first group entry to be associated with a first backup tree that minimizes congestion, each of the data packets are sent to one of a second set of destination devices that are associated with the first backup tree.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an information display method, terminal, and server. In one embodiment, the information display method includes obtaining, by a terminal, content information of at least one content source. The at least one content source corresponds to at least two pieces of account information stored in the terminal. The method further includes integrating, by the terminal, the content information into content display information; and displaying, by the terminal, the content display information.

A serial tap device consists of a first serial port, a second serial port directly connected to the first serial port by multiple serial lines, and a switch configured to selectively connect one or more of the multiple serial lines to a convertor module. The convertor module is configured to convert serial communications signals from the one or more serial lines to transistor-transistor logic (TTL) level signals. The serial tap device includes a communications module and a processor which operates to capture data from the TTL level signals, generate packets containing the captured data, and transmit the packets to a communications network, such as the internet, through the communications module. The serial tap device may be connected inline, between two serial devices, in order to capture data exchanged in serial communication flows between the devices and transmit the captured data to a remote server.

Enhanced MAC-es PDUs are created by concatenating enhanced MAC-es service data units (SDUs) based on higher layer PDUs and segments thereof, where segmentation information is included in the enhanced MAC-es headers. An enhanced MAC-e header is generated for each enhanced MAC-es PDU to describe information about the enhanced MAC-es PDU. An enhanced MAC-e PDU is created by concatenating enhanced MAC-es PDUs and enhanced MAC-e headers. An enhanced MAC-es header may include a Transmit Sequence Number (TSN) field, a Segmentation Description (SD) field, length (L) fields to indicate the length of each enhanced MAC-es SDU and/or logical channel indicator (LCH-ID) fields. An enhanced MAC-e header may include one or more logical channel indicator (LCH-ID) fields for corresponding enhanced MAC-es PDUs or MAC-s SDUs and length (L) fields.

Methods, devices, and non-transitory computer readable media optimize an over-the-air update include identifying initiation of an over-the-air update for a client computing device. The update is retrieved from a content server based on the identifying and utilizing a first protocol. The update to the client computing device is divided into a plurality of data segments which are sequentially downloaded utilizing a second protocol which is different from the first protocol.

A host computing system includes an applications layer containing one or more user applications that perform I/O operations, an access methods layer that communicates with the applications layer, an I/O drivers layer that communicates with the access methods layer, and an SSCH simulation layer that communicates with the I/O drivers layer and that simulates a Fibre Channel connection that is accessed by applications in the applications layer. The host computing system may also include a TCP/IP stack layer that communicates with the SSCH simulation layer to provide TCP/IP communication for the host computing system. TCP/IP communication provided by the TCP/IP stack layer may be separate from any dedicated TCP/IP communication provided by the host. The host computing system may be coupled to a TCP/IP network. A cloud storage may be coupled to the network to communicate with the host computing system.

A wireless device (100), a network node (102A) and methods therein, for enabling network functions in the wireless device when communicating with a wireless network (102, 104). The wireless device (100) downloads software comprising virtualised network functions from the network node (102A), and stores the downloaded software in a driver space in the wireless device. The wireless device can then perform communications with the wireless network using the virtualised network functions of the downloaded software as a virtual driver in the wireless device. Thereby, new network functions can be deployed in the wireless device by means of the virtual driver which controls the device in collaboration with the network, and the functions can be implemented without standardization.