A method of sending measurement information from a user equipment includes: measuring a reference signal: producing a measurement report payload based on measurement of the reference signal: encoding the measurement report pay load in accordance with ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) encoding, and in accordance with a lower-layer protocol to produce an encoded payload, the lower-layer protocol being either a physical-layer protocol or a MAC-layer (Medium Access Control layer) protocol; and sending a lower-layer message based on the encoded pay load from the user equipment to a network entity.

A method of sending measurement information from a user equipment includes: measuring a reference signal: producing a measurement report payload based on measurement of the reference signal: encoding the measurement report pay load in accordance with ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) encoding, and in accordance with a lower-layer protocol to produce an encoded payload, the lower-layer protocol being either a physical-layer protocol or a MAC-layer (Medium Access Control layer) protocol; and sending a lower-layer message based on the encoded pay load from the user equipment to a network entity.

A signal transmission method, including: transmitting, by a transmitting end, a frame structure signal; where the frame structure signal includes one or more of: a preamble sequence, a delimiter, a data sequence, control information, or a terminator.

A signal transmission method, including: transmitting, by a transmitting end, a frame structure signal; where the frame structure signal includes one or more of: a preamble sequence, a delimiter, a data sequence, control information, or a terminator.

A computing device receives a first communication data associated with a communication connection between a gateway device and an internet service provider; determines a communication protocol associated with the communication connection, wherein the communication protocol comprises a plurality of communication features; identifies a data extraction specification associated with the communication protocol, the data extraction specification comprising an instruction identifying a first communication feature of the plurality of communication features to be extracted from the first communication data; analyzes the first communication data using the data extraction specification; and generates a first extracted data based on the analysis, the first extracted data comprising the first communication feature specified in the data extraction specification.

A computing device receives a first communication data associated with a communication connection between a gateway device and an internet service provider; determines a communication protocol associated with the communication connection, wherein the communication protocol comprises a plurality of communication features; identifies a data extraction specification associated with the communication protocol, the data extraction specification comprising an instruction identifying a first communication feature of the plurality of communication features to be extracted from the first communication data; analyzes the first communication data using the data extraction specification; and generates a first extracted data based on the analysis, the first extracted data comprising the first communication feature specified in the data extraction specification.

A method of generic encoding of a radio access network (RAN) parameter exchanged over E2 application protocol (E2AP) between an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) node and a near-real time radio access network intelligent controller (near-RT RIC) includes: providing a generic encoding mechanism for a message structure containing at least one RAN parameter, wherein the generic encoding mechanism includes a first categorization of each RAN parameter exchanged between the O-RAN node and the near-RT RIC into one of ELEMENT type, STRUCTURE type or LIST type; wherein the ELEMENT type parameter is a singleton variable which does not have any other associated RAN parameter; the STRUCTURE type parameter is a sequence of RAN parameters in which each RAN parameter in the sequence can be one of the ELEMENT type parameter, another STRUCTURE type parameter, or the LIST type parameter; and the LIST type parameter is a list of STRUCTURE type parameters.

A method of generic encoding of a radio access network (RAN) parameter exchanged over E2 application protocol (E2AP) between an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) node and a near-real time radio access network intelligent controller (near-RT RIC) includes: providing a generic encoding mechanism for a message structure containing at least one RAN parameter, wherein the generic encoding mechanism includes a first categorization of each RAN parameter exchanged between the O-RAN node and the near-RT RIC into one of ELEMENT type, STRUCTURE type or LIST type; wherein the ELEMENT type parameter is a singleton variable which does not have any other associated RAN parameter; the STRUCTURE type parameter is a sequence of RAN parameters in which each RAN parameter in the sequence can be one of the ELEMENT type parameter, another STRUCTURE type parameter, or the LIST type parameter; and the LIST type parameter is a list of STRUCTURE type parameters.

The embodiments of this application provides a cyclic shift diversity sequence-based communication method. In the method, a first communication apparatus generates a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and sends the PPDU to a second communication apparatus. The PPDU includes a short training field (STF), a long training field (LTF), and a data field that are determined based on a cyclic shift diversity (CSD) sequence. After receiving the PPDU from the first communication apparatus, the second communication apparatus performs processing based on the PPDU. The CSD sequence includes L elements. L is a maximum number of spatial streams supported by the first communication apparatus and the second communication apparatus. The maximum number of spatial streams is greater than or equal to 16.

This application discloses a synchronization and measurement method for a low power terminal, a terminal, and a network side device, and pertains to the field of communication technologies. The synchronization and measurement method for the low power terminal in embodiments of this application includes: In a case that a terminal detects a first sequence of a first signal, the terminal performs timing synchronization based on the first sequence, where the first signal includes the first sequence and a second sequence; and the terminal measures the second sequence, to obtain a target measurement result.