Methods and systems for providing de-icing and/or de-fogging of an optical element include providing a resistive layer on an optically transparent material. In one embodiment, an optical system includes an optical device having a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material. A method can include providing a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material, and providing electrical energy to the conductive pad to heat the resistive transparent material.

A video endoscope including: an outer cladding tube, a fiber tube accommodated in the outer cladding tube, wherein the fiber tube has a housing bounding a closed space with a distal end and a proximal end, wherein a front-side window is provided at the distal end of the fiber tube, the fiber tube having an inner tube (for accommodating an imaging sensor , and a heating foil provided between the fiber tube and the inner tube. Where, the heating foil is adapted to heat the front-side window at the distal end of the fiber tube.

A heating apparatus includes a heating element which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the heatable element, and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

A glazing includes at least one glass sheet provided on one of the faces with an electrical network having resistance strips and collector strips, in which at least one portion of one face includes at least one strip obtained from an electrically conductive composition including a silver paste, the strip being in contact with another strip obtained from an electrically conductive composition including a copper paste, the other strip obtained from an electrically conductive composition including a copper paste being completely covered with a protective enamel layer.

A heating device includes a heating unit and device electronics. The heating unit is configured to deliver heat to a user's body. The heating unit includes a substrate and a heating element supported by the substrate. The device electronics are coupled to the heating element and are configured to store a first heating profile that includes data indicating how power should be delivered to the heating element over a first period of time. The device electronics are configured to deliver power to the heating element according to the first heating profile. The device electronics are configured to wirelessly receive a second heating profile from an external computing device. The second heating profile includes data indicating how power should be delivered to the heating element over a second period of time. The device electronics are configured to deliver power to the heating element according to the second heating profile.

An aerosol-generating device comprises an infrared emitter and an electric core for supplying power to the infrared emitter; the infrared emitter comprises at least one first infrared emission region and at least one second infrared emission region arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the chamber; the first infrared emission region and the second infrared emission region are independently activatable to independently radiate infrared rays into the chamber to heat different portions of the smokable material. In the above aerosol-generating device, the regions of the smokable material receiving chamber which are different along the circumferential direction correspond to the first infrared emission region and the second infrared emission region, respectively, and can be independently heated by the first infrared emission region and the second infrared emission region, respectively, in use, so that the smokable material can be gradually heated from part to whole in use.

A vehicle imaging apparatus includes an imaging device capable of imaging an imaging side thereof; a transparent heater that is provided at least in a range of an angle of view of the imaging device at the imaging side of the imaging device, that generates heat by being energized, and that heats an imaging side of the imaging device; and a resistance member that is provided at an electrical circuit including the heater, and that generates heat by being energized, an electrical resistance value of the resistance member is increased along with increase in temperature of the resistance member due to heat generation such that a current value of current that flows to the heater is decreased.

The invention provides a glazing comprising first glass sheet comprising a printed layer on a portion of a surface of the glass sheet and a conductive coating on the surface of the first glass sheet. The conductive coating extends over at least a portion of the printed layer to form a coated print portion and extends over a portion of the surface of the glass sheet to form a coated glass portion. The coated print portion has a Developed Interfacial Area Ratio Sdr less than 27.45%. A method for producing the glazing and use of the glazing in a vehicle is also disclosed.

The present disclosure provides methods of coating a substrate. A method includes depositing a conductive coating including an electrically conductive material over the substrate to form a conductive layer having a sheet resistivity of about 10 Ω/□ to about 1000 Ω/□. The method includes depositing an anti-icing layer comprising nanomaterials over the conductive layer to form a coating system.

The invention relates to a heat exchanger system, in particular for connection to an internal combustion engine, preferably of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one heat exchanger module, in particular oil-water heat exchanger module (10), and a layer heating module (11), which is mounted or mountable on the heat exchanger module, wherein the layer heating module (11) comprises a substrate, in particular a carrier plate (12), and an electric heating coating (13) applied to the substrate, in particular to the carrier plate (12).