A system and method for fabricating perovskite films for solar cell applications are provided, the system including a housing for use as a vacuum chamber, a substrate stage coupled to the top section of the housing; a first evaporator unit coupled to the bottom section of the housing and configured to generate BX.sub.2 (metal halide material) vapor; a second evaporator unit coupled to the housing and configured to generate AX (organic material) vapor; and a flow control unit coupled to the housing for controlling circulation of the AX vapor. The dimensions of the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first evaporator unit, the dimensions of the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the substrate stage, and the relative position in the horizontal direction between the two horizontal cross-sectional shapes are configured to maximize the overlap between the two horizontal cross-sectional shapes.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), and has high-temperature durability. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation resin layer covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X.sub.3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation resin layer including a resin having a solubility parameter, i.e., a SP value, of 10 or less.

The present invention concerns an organic dye comprising a photochromic entity, a segment -eD representing an electron donor segment and a segment -L-A with -L- representing a covalent bond or a spacer segment and particularly a pi-conjugated spacer segment, and -A representing an electron attractor segment able to form a covalent bond with a semi-conductor. The present invention concerns the use thereof as photosensitizer in a photovoltaic device and said photovoltaic device.

Various embodiments may relate to an optoelectronic component. The optoelectronic component may include a planar optically active structure and an electric circuit structure. The planar optically active structure is designed to receive and/or provide electromagnetic radiation. The electric circuit structure is designed such that it provides an output value. The output value is dependent on at least one operational parameter of the optically active structure.

The present technology relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a measuring method of the same, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and a solar cell capable of further improving a quantum efficiency in a photoelectric conversion element using a photoelectric conversion layer including an organic semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion element includes two electrodes forming a positive electrode (11) and a negative electrode (14), at least one charge blocking layer (13, 15) arranged between the two electrodes, and a photoelectric conversion layer (12) arranged between the two electrodes. The at least one charge blocking layer is an electron blocking layer (13) or a hole blocking layer (15), and a potential of the charge blocking layer is bent. The present technology is applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device, a solar cell, and the like having a photoelectric conversion element.

An electricity-generating coating is provided for a surface of a cargo carrying vehicle. The electricity-generating coating includes a conformal organic photovoltaic device configured to be applied and conformed to the surface of the cargo carrying vehicle and configured to supply power for one or more electronic or electrical components or systems at least one of on-board or off-board the cargo carrying vehicle.

Solar cell substrates require high optical transparency, but also prefer high optical haze to increase the light scattering and consequently the absorption in the active materials. Unfortunately, there is a tradeoff between these optical properties, which is exemplified by common transparent paper substrates exhibiting a transparency of about 90% yet a low optical haze (<20%). In this work we introduce a novel transparent paper made of wood fibers that display both ultra-high optical transparency (˜96%) and ultra-high haze (˜60%), thus delivering an optimal substrate design for solar cell devices. Compared to previously demonstrated nanopaper composed of wood-based cellulose nanofibers, our novel transparent paper has better dual performance in transmittance and haze, but also is fabricated at a much lower cost. This high-performance, low-cost transparent paper is a potentially revolutionary material that may influence a new generation of environmentally friendly printed electronics.

An organic EL element includes a pixel electrode, a light emitting function layer that is formed on the pixel electrode, an electron injection layer formed on the light emitting function layer, and a counter electrode that is formed on the electron injection layer and that has semi-transmissive reflectivity, in which the counter electrode contains a reductive material that reduces material of the electron injection layer and Ag with atomic ratio of 75% or more, and an adsorption layer is formed on the counter electrode.

This relates to a device for detecting or converting light or heat energy, the device comprising: a Graphene sheet formed into a scroll such as to provide a monolayer structure in which the radius of curvature of the graphene sheet increases on increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the scroll.

This relates to a device for detecting or converting light or heat energy, the device comprising: a Graphene sheet formed into a scroll such as to provide a monolayer structure in which the radius of curvature of the graphene sheet increases on increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the scroll.