Methods and systems are provided for diagnosis and possibly treatment of the large intestine, using samples from at least three portions of the large intestine, including sampling the ascending proximal portion thereof. Samples from the ascending portions of the large intestine were found to differ in their microbial characteristics significantly from prior art stool samples and from samples taken from the descending and transverse parts of the large intestine—enabling more accurate diagnosis and possibly more effective treatment of diseases of the large intestine.

A phacoemulsification system includes a pump and a processor. The pump includes: (i) a first chamber having a first volume and configured to flow a first fluid at a first flow rate, between a first reservoir and an eye of a patient, and (ii) a second chamber having a second volume and configured to flow a second fluid at a second flow rate, between a second reservoir and the eye. The processor is configured to control the pump to: (i) set a first flow rate of the first fluid in the first volume, so as to obtain a predefined intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, (ii) based on the first and second volumes and on the first flow rate, calculate a second flow rate of the second fluid that maintains the predefined IOP constant, and (iii) set the calculated second flow rate to the second fluid.

Sampling systems and methods for non-invasive sampling of inner-colonic microbiome and its potential derivatives are provided. The sampling systems may operate in fluid communication with a large intestine cleansing system and comprise an electromechanical sampling device configured to collect at least a part of large intestine contents drained by the cleansing system. The electromechanical sampling device may comprise a collection unit configured to collect at least one sample from the contents, and an electromechanical robotic unit configured to move the collection unit to and from a sampling position and to manipulate the collection unit into a respective casing, to deposit the sample(s). Sampling methods may comprise optically monitoring drained contents of the large intestine, characterizing the optically-monitored (and possibly spectrally analyzed) drained contents to determine sampling times, and sampling the drained contents according to the characterization.

A suction/irrigation medical device valve system comprises a first valve plunger configured for insertion into a first valve plunger channel. The first valve plunger has a first latch member disposed at a distal end with a first sealing member and a first valve opening disposed proximally from the first latch member. The system also comprises a second valve plunger configured for insertion into a second valve plunger channel. The second valve plunger includes a second valve opening that is longer than the first valve opening. The system also comprises a valve body having the first and second valve plunger channels. The first and second valve plunger channels are configured to receive the first and second valve plungers, respectively.

Systems and methods for cleaning a colon or other portion of an intestine include optional use of sensors to detect conditions of blockage of flow of materials within an evacuation channel used to remove fecal material from the body; and devices and methods for purging such blockages from the evacuation channel.

A fluid management system for use in a tissue resection procedure includes a controller. An inflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid inflow through a flow path to a site in patient's body. An outflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid outflow through a flow path from the site in patient's body. A motor driven resecting device may be provided for resecting tissue at the site. The controller is configured to actuate an inflow pump and an outflow pump in response to various signals and various algorithms are provided to provide malfunction warnings and assure safe operation.

A suction/irrigation medical device comprises a valve body having one or more conduits fluidically coupled thereto and a first channel extending through the valve body. The medical device also comprises a first valve plunger disposed along the first channel and configured to move along an axis to open and close the first channel. The first valve plunger has a first opening to permit a fluid to flow through the first channel. The medical device also comprises a second valve plunger disposed along the first channel and along a second channel to couple the second channel into the first channel when the second valve plunger is in a first position. The second valve plunger has a second opening that has at least one dimension that is greater than a corresponding dimension of the first opening of the first valve plunger.

In one embodiment, an irrigated medical system includes a medical tool, an irrigation line configured to fluidically connect an irrigation reservoir storing irrigation fluid to the medical tool, and provide at least some of the irrigation fluid to the medical tool, a force sensor configured to be coupled with the irrigation reservoir, and provide a signal responsively to a force exerted by the irrigation reservoir on the force sensor over time as irrigation fluid in the irrigation reservoir is depleted, and a controller configured to find an irrigation rate of the irrigation fluid flowing in the irrigation line responsively to the signal.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating bone osteonecrosis comprising: at least one of a Gelatin tyramine (GT), a gelatin-heparin tyramine (GHT), a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), a gelatin acryloyl (GelAC), collagen, or a hydrogel-forming peptide that can be formed ex vivo or in situ for the treatment of bone osteonecrosis; at least one bone growth promoting agent or a macrophage depletion reagent; and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Methods for clearing of fecal matter the wall of a colon or other body lumen for diagnostic inspection, the methods being adapted to clearing of fecal matter comprised of particles of various sizes and compositions. Methods are further adapted for application in patients who have undergone a restricted scope of preparation to reduce and/or remediate the particle structure of colon contents, or no preparation at all, before diagnostic inspection.