A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid storage battery has a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements include a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid; a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises barium sulfate and an organic expander; and a separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend, from the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid storage battery has a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements include a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid; a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises barium sulfate and an organic expander; and a separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend, from the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.

A method for recycling lead from spent lead-acid battery paste, relating to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. In the method, firstly a reducing agent, and a lead paste are added into a zinc chloride solution for leaching in a stirring mill to cause lead in the lead paste to enter the solution, a lead cementation is performed by using zinc in the leached solution, after the lead cementation, the electrolytic zinc is produced by controlling an electrodeposition on the zinc chloride solution for a short time, the reducing agent is zinc, lead or hydrogen peroxide, a part of the electrolytic zinc is returned as the reducing agent for leaching, the step of returning the electrolytic zinc as the reducing agent can be omitted when the lead or the hydrogen peroxide is used as the reducing agent.

In a method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell, a porous or non-porous metal substrate may be provided. A precursor solution may be applied to a surface of the metal substrate. The precursor solution may comprise a chalcogen donor compound dissolved in a solvent. The precursor solution may be applied to the surface of the metal substrate such that the chalcogen donor compound reacts with the metal substrate and forms a conformal metal chalcogenide layer on the surface of the metal substrate. A conformal lithium metal layer may be formed on the surface of the metal substrate over the metal chalcogenide layer.

A lead-acid battery includes: a housing that includes a container including one open end and a lid closing the opening of the container; and an element that includes a plurality of positive electrode plates and a plurality of negative electrode plates alternately arranged in the container with a separator interposed therebetween. Each positive electrode plate includes a first foot protruding toward a bottom face of the container, and each negative electrode plate includes a second foot protruding toward the bottom face of the container. The first foot and the second foot are disposed at positions different from each other when viewed from the arrangement direction of the elements. A rib, which extends from an end of a specific region sandwiched between a row including a plurality of the first feet protruding from the element and a row including a plurality of the second feet protruding from the element and divides at least a part of the specific region into a plurality of regions, is formed on the bottom face of the container when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the bottom face.

A lead-acid battery includes: a housing that includes a container including one open end and a lid closing the opening of the container; and an element that includes a plurality of positive electrode plates and a plurality of negative electrode plates alternately arranged in the container with a separator interposed therebetween. Each positive electrode plate includes a first foot protruding toward a bottom face of the container, and each negative electrode plate includes a second foot protruding toward the bottom face of the container. The first foot and the second foot are disposed at positions different from each other when viewed from the arrangement direction of the elements. A rib, which extends from an end of a specific region sandwiched between a row including a plurality of the first feet protruding from the element and a row including a plurality of the second feet protruding from the element and divides at least a part of the specific region into a plurality of regions, is formed on the bottom face of the container when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the bottom face.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte solution. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains an organic expander and carbonaceous material. The organic expander contains a unit of a bisarene compound and a unit of a monocyclic aromatic compound having a hydroxy group. The unit of a bisarene compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of a unit of a bisphenol S compound and a unit of a bisphenol A compound.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte solution. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains an organic expander and carbonaceous material. The organic expander contains a unit of a bisarene compound and a unit of a monocyclic aromatic compound having a hydroxy group. The unit of a bisarene compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of a unit of a bisphenol S compound and a unit of a bisphenol A compound.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material. The negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material. The positive current collector contains a lead alloy containing Ca and Sn. The content of Ca in the positive current collector is 0.2% by mass or less, and the content of Sn is 0.5% by mass or more. The negative electrode material contains a first organic expander (excluding a lignin compound) containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a unit of a monocyclic aromatic compound and a unit of a bisphenol S compound.

A negative electrode of a secondary battery may include an electrode plate including lead; and an active material layer provided on the electrode plate and including composite particles having a core-shell structure, wherein a core of the composite particle includes lead; a shell of the composite particle includes carbon; and a specific surface area of the composite particles is 1 to 5,000 m.sup.2/g.