[Problem] To provide a nonwoven fabric (pasting mat) that does not undergo bonding between the nonwoven fabrics (pasting mats) even under severe conditions (a pressure in winding and a high temperature and a high humidity in transportation, storage, and production).

[Means for Resolution] A pasting mat for lead acid batteries, containing a microglass fiber and a heat-fusible binder fiber, the pasting mat having a thickness under a pressure of 20 kPa of 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and having a bonding strength between the pasting mats after being left for 48 hours under a pressure of 5 to 10 kPa in an environment of a temperature of 70 to 90° C. and a humidity of 75% of less than 0.05 N.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte solution, and a polymer compound, in which the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material, the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material, the Ca content of the positive current collector is 0.13% by mass or less, and the polymer compound has a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of .sup.1H-NMR spectrum, or the polymer compound contains a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte solution, and a polymer compound, in which the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material, the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material, the Ca content of the positive current collector is 0.13% by mass or less, and the polymer compound has a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of .sup.1H-NMR spectrum, or the polymer compound contains a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units.

This disclosure relates to improved electrode pastes that include a carrier, basic lead sulfate compounds, and ground state metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation (e.g., spherical-shaped nanoparticles). Improved lead-acid batteries can be made using improved electrode pastes that include a carrier, basic lead sulfate compounds, and ground state metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation. Methods for manufacturing lead-acid batteries of improved performance include applying an improved electrode paste to a least a portion of the positive and/or negative electrodes, placing the electrodes in a container, and placing an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes. The metal nanoparticles may comprise or consist of gold. The metal nanoparticles may by spherical-shaped and/or coral-shaped.

This disclosure relates to improved electrode pastes that include a carrier, basic lead sulfate compounds, and ground state metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation (e.g., spherical-shaped nanoparticles). Improved lead-acid batteries can be made using improved electrode pastes that include a carrier, basic lead sulfate compounds, and ground state metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation. Methods for manufacturing lead-acid batteries of improved performance include applying an improved electrode paste to a least a portion of the positive and/or negative electrodes, placing the electrodes in a container, and placing an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes. The metal nanoparticles may comprise or consist of gold. The metal nanoparticles may by spherical-shaped and/or coral-shaped.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.

The present disclosure relates to a bipolar battery comprising one or more troughs formed therein and cooperating with one or more channels, the troughs adapted to guide flow of electrolyte to provide for faster and more uniform flow of the electrolyte. The disclosure relates to a bipolar battery assembly comprising: a) a plurality of electrode plates stacked together to form an electrode plate stack; b) one or more electrochemical cells, wherein each electrochemical cell is formed between a pair of electrode plates; c) one or more separators disposed within the one or more electrochemical cells; and d) one or more troughs formed in each of the one or more electrochemical cells and adapted to guide flow of electrolyte into the one or more electrochemical cells. The present disclosure further relates to a method for preparing a battery assembly. The method may utilize circulating one or more fluids through the battery assembly during preparation. Circulating fluids may be part of thermal control cycling.