An energy management system having a fuel cell apparatus (150) as a power generator that generates power using fuel, and an EMS (200) that communicates with the fuel cell apparatus (150). The EMS (200) receives messages that indicate a type of the fuel cell apparatus (150), from the fuel cell apparatus (150).

Provided is an austenitic stainless steel for a fuel cell including, in weight %, C: 0.05% to 0.09%, Si: 0.5% or less (0 excluded), Mn: 2.5% to 5.0%, Cr: 21% to 23%, Ni: 10% to 12%, Nb: 0.2% to 0.7%, N: 0.25% or less (0 excluded), Al: 0.2% or less (0 excluded), S: 0.003% or less (0 excluded), B: 0.01% or less (0 excluded), the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are operated at elevated pressure to provide increased operating voltage and/or enhanced CO.sub.2 utilization with a cathode input stream having a low CO.sub.2 content. It has been discovered that increasing the operating pressure of a molten carbonate fuel cell when using a low CO.sub.2-content cathode input stream can provide unexpectedly large increases in operating voltage while also reducing or minimizing the amount of alternative ion transport and/or enhancing CO.sub.2 utilization.

A power producing system adapted to be integrated with a flue gas generating assembly, the flue gas generating assembly including one or more of a fossil fueled installation, a fossil fueled facility, a fossil fueled device, a fossil fueled power plant, a boiler, a combustor, a furnace and a kiln in a cement factory, and the power producing system utilizing flue gas containing carbon dioxide and oxygen output by the flue gas generating assembly and comprising: a fuel cell comprising an anode section and a cathode section, wherein inlet oxidant gas to the cathode section of the fuel cell contains the flue gas output from the flue gas generating assembly; and a gas separation assembly receiving anode exhaust output from the anode section of the fuel cell and including a chiller assembly for cooling the anode exhaust to a predetermined temperature so as to liquefy carbon dioxide in the anode exhaust, wherein waste heat produced by the fuel cell is utilized to drive the chiller assembly.

Disclosed is a homogeneous catalyst having a single phase of Perovskite oxide, wherein at least one doping element is substituted at site A, site B or sites A and B in ABO.sub.3 Perovskite type oxide so that the wettability with a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte may be decreased. The catalyst may have high catalytic activity, inhibit catalyst poisoning caused by creepage and evaporation of a liquid molten carbonate electrolyte, maintain high reaction activity for a long time, provide high methane conversion, and allow production of synthetic gas having a high proportion of hydrogen.

Disclosed is a fuel supplying apparatus, for a direct carbon fuel cell, which has improved output density by ensuring the flow properties of an anode medium. The fuel supplying apparatus for a direct carbon fuel cell comprises: a flow pipe which forms a flow path around a tube-shaped cell contained in an anode medium in which a carbon fuel is mixed; and a bubbling means which provides a gas from below the flow pipe to the inside of the anode medium and thus enables the anode medium to flow by the upward movement of the gas. Consequently, the carbon fuel is forcibly provided to the anode of the tube-shaped cell by the flow of the anode medium which is linked with the upward movement of the gas.

The present disclosure relates to nickel/aluminum-containing catalyst materials useful, for example, as reforming catalysts, processes for making them, and processes for using them in molten carbonate fuel cells. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a catalyst material including an alumina carrier in an amount in the range of about 5 wt % to about 75 wt %; and a mixed metal oxide in an amount in the range of about 25 wt % to about 95 wt %, the mixed metal oxide including at least about 90 wt % of oxides of nickel and aluminum, the mixed metal oxide having an atomic ratio of nickel to aluminum in the range of about 60:40 to about 90:10, the mixed metal oxide being substantially free of zirconium, in the form of a composite of the alumina carrier and the mixed metal oxide.

A composition for use in forming a fuel cell matrix includes a support material, an electrolyte material, and an additive material that includes a plurality of flakes having an average length in a range of 5 to 40 micrometers and an average thickness of less than 1 micrometer.

A method for replenishing an electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack includes: preparing an electrolyte colloidal solution containing 10% to 20% of the electrolyte and having a viscosity of 200 to 800 Pa.Math.s; replenishing the electrolyte of the cell stack using the electrolyte colloidal solution prepared in step 1 to allow the electrolyte to adhere to an electrode and an internal channel of the cell stack; discharging excess electrolyte colloidal solution in the cell stack; and drying and discharging water or an organic solvent in the cell stack under an inert gas condition to complete replenishment of the electrolyte of the cell stack, and performing a discharge performance test.

There is described a method for producing hydrogen and generating electrical power. A hydrocarbon fuel source is decomposed into hydrogen and carbon using a hydrocarbon dissociation reactor. The carbon is separated from the hydrogen in a carbon separator. Electrical power is generated from the separated carbon using a direct carbon fuel cell.