An anode for a magnesium battery, including a core element made from a core material, wherein a magnesium coating is at least partially arranged on a surface of the core element, a protective layer being arranged on a surface of the magnesium coating. A method for producing such an anode and a magnesium battery having at least one such anode are also provided.

High voltage, high-ionic-conductivity, fire resistant solid-state polymer electrolytes include poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP), sulfolane plasticizer, lithium salt, and ceramic nanoparticles with the basic formula Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.12 (LLZO) and derivatives thereof. During the curing process, the presence of the LLZO nanoparticles prevent the P(VDF-HFP) from developing into a crystalline phase. In the electrolyte formed, the P(VDF-HFP) is in an amorphous phase with LLZO nanoparticles, lithium salt and sulfolane distributed in the polymer matrix. The solid-state electrolyte with the amorphous polymer phase exhibit higher ionic conductivities than those having a crystalline polymer phase. The LLZO contributes to mechanical properties of the electrolyte and also function as tough ceramic fillers that inhibit lithium dendrite growth during operation of lithium-ion cells and batteries. 5V all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries incorporated the electrolytes exhibit high energy densities (250-350 Whr/kg), high power densities (high discharge rate up to 5 C) and long service lives (500-1500 cycles, <2% irreversible loss/month).

High voltage, high-ionic-conductivity, fire resistant solid-state polymer electrolytes include poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP), sulfolane plasticizer, lithium salt, and ceramic nanoparticles with the basic formula Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.12 (LLZO) and derivatives thereof. During the curing process, the presence of the LLZO nanoparticles prevent the P(VDF-HFP) from developing into a crystalline phase. In the electrolyte formed, the P(VDF-HFP) is in an amorphous phase with LLZO nanoparticles, lithium salt and sulfolane distributed in the polymer matrix. The solid-state electrolyte with the amorphous polymer phase exhibit higher ionic conductivities than those having a crystalline polymer phase. The LLZO contributes to mechanical properties of the electrolyte and also function as tough ceramic fillers that inhibit lithium dendrite growth during operation of lithium-ion cells and batteries. 5V all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries incorporated the electrolytes exhibit high energy densities (250-350 Whr/kg), high power densities (high discharge rate up to 5 C) and long service lives (500-1500 cycles, <2% irreversible loss/month).

There are provided an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition that has excellent dispersion characteristics and excellent application suitability and enables excellent cycle characteristics, a sheet for an all-solid state secondary battery, and an all-solid state secondary battery, and manufacturing methods for a sheet for an all-solid state secondary battery and an all-solid state secondary battery, in which the above inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is used. The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition for an all-solid state secondary battery contains an inorganic solid electrolyte, a polymer binder, and a dispersion medium, in which an adsorption rate of the polymer binder with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte is 50% or less, and the inorganic solid electrolyte and the polymer binder satisfies a specific relationship in terms of surface energy.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid state battery in which occurrence of internal short circuit is inhibited. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid state battery including, in an order along with a thickness direction, a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer and an anode layer; wherein one of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer A containing a first polymer electrolyte; the other of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer B containing an inorganic solid electrolyte; the solid electrolyte layer contains a second polymer electrolyte; the second polymer electrolyte is a cross-linked polymer to which a polymer component is cross-linked; and in a plan view along with the thickness direction of the all solid state battery, an area of the solid electrolyte layer is larger than an area of the electrode layer A.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid state battery in which occurrence of internal short circuit is inhibited. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid state battery including, in an order along with a thickness direction, a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer and an anode layer; wherein one of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer A containing a first polymer electrolyte; the other of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer B containing an inorganic solid electrolyte; the solid electrolyte layer contains a second polymer electrolyte; the second polymer electrolyte is a cross-linked polymer to which a polymer component is cross-linked; and in a plan view along with the thickness direction of the all solid state battery, an area of the solid electrolyte layer is larger than an area of the electrode layer A.

Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

The present invention provides compositions including polyelectrolyte complexes. The composition includes: 1) an inorganic salt comprising a metal ion having a charge of at least +1 and an anion having a charge of at least −1; and 2) a complex comprising a first species and a second species, wherein the first species is a positively charged polymerizable monomer or a first charged polymer comprising one or more positively charged monomer repeat units; the second species is a negatively charged polymerizable monomer or a second charged polymer comprising one or more negatively charged monomer repeat units; and the complex has a net charge of near zero. These compositions are useful for ion selective applications in electrochemical devices.

The present invention provides compositions including polyelectrolyte complexes. The composition includes: 1) an inorganic salt comprising a metal ion having a charge of at least +1 and an anion having a charge of at least −1; and 2) a complex comprising a first species and a second species, wherein the first species is a positively charged polymerizable monomer or a first charged polymer comprising one or more positively charged monomer repeat units; the second species is a negatively charged polymerizable monomer or a second charged polymer comprising one or more negatively charged monomer repeat units; and the complex has a net charge of near zero. These compositions are useful for ion selective applications in electrochemical devices.