An electrolyte composition for use in an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic cell that includes the same. The electrolytic cell includes a chemical component having the general formula:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\left[H_x{O}_{\frac{\left(x-1\right)}{2}}\right]Z_y& I\end{array}$

wherein x is an odd integer ≥3; y is an integer between 1 and 20; and Z is one of a monoatomic ion from Groups 14 through 17 having a charge value between −1 and −3 or a polyatomic ion having a charge between −1 and −3. The electrolytic composition also includes between 1 and 300 ppm ionic salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metals salts and alkali earth metal salts and mixtures thereof; and water. The battery electrolyte composition has a specific gravity between 1.07 and 1.4

An electrolyte composition for use in an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic cell that includes the same. The electrolytic cell includes a chemical component having the general formula:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\left[H_x{O}_{\frac{\left(x-1\right)}{2}}\right]Z_y& I\end{array}$

wherein x is an odd integer ≥3; y is an integer between 1 and 20; and Z is one of a monoatomic ion from Groups 14 through 17 having a charge value between −1 and −3 or a polyatomic ion having a charge between −1 and −3. The electrolytic composition also includes between 1 and 300 ppm ionic salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metals salts and alkali earth metal salts and mixtures thereof; and water. The battery electrolyte composition has a specific gravity between 1.07 and 1.4

Systems and methods are provided for heat treatment of whole cell structures. A battery may be formed based on applying of heat treatment to a whole cell composition that includes, at least, both anode material and cathode material, such that the anode material and the cathode material are heat treated at the same time. The heat treatment may include pyrolysis. The whole cell composition, and the corresponding cell formed based thereon, may include solid state electrolyte.

A lead acid or lead carbon battery includes a sealed casing including an acid and an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a non-fibrous separator disposed between and in contact with at least a portion of both the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode, cathode, and non-fibrous separator are at least partially immersed in the acid. The anode includes an electrically conductive carbon active material, the cathode includes a lead oxide active material, and the non-fibrous separator has a thickness of about 0.005 to about 1.5 mm.

A lead acid or lead carbon battery includes a sealed casing including an acid and an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a non-fibrous separator disposed between and in contact with at least a portion of both the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode, cathode, and non-fibrous separator are at least partially immersed in the acid. The anode includes an electrically conductive carbon active material, the cathode includes a lead oxide active material, and the non-fibrous separator has a thickness of about 0.005 to about 1.5 mm.

A battery has anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolyte. Particles of loose hydrated alkali aluminum silicate contact the anodes and cathodes and are immersed in the electrolyte, to enhance operability of the battery. The maximum dimensions of at least a majority of the particles are between about 5-10 mm, and they range in shape from spherical to irregular.

A battery has anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolyte. Particles of loose hydrated alkali aluminum silicate contact the anodes and cathodes and are immersed in the electrolyte, to enhance operability of the battery. The maximum dimensions of at least a majority of the particles are between about 5-10 mm, and they range in shape from spherical to irregular.

The invention relates to a laminar textile material for covering a pasty active mass on a battery electrode. The invention further relates to a battery electrode having such a material, to a battery, and to a method for producing battery electrodes. Potential improvements of lead batteries are disclosed that are more practical than previously known solutions, and that stabilize the pasty active mass on the battery electrodes. A laminar textile material is disclosed to this end, comprising glass fibers and fibers made of a thermoplastic, e.g. polyester.

The invention relates to a laminar textile material for covering a pasty active mass on a battery electrode. The invention further relates to a battery electrode having such a material, to a battery, and to a method for producing battery electrodes. Potential improvements of lead batteries are disclosed that are more practical than previously known solutions, and that stabilize the pasty active mass on the battery electrodes. A laminar textile material is disclosed to this end, comprising glass fibers and fibers made of a thermoplastic, e.g. polyester.

Method for manufacturing optically transparent gel-polymer electrolytes includes reaction of copolymerization of melamine and formaldehyde or melamine and glyoxal with one or several polyols and/or with one or several monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and adding of a concentrated acid to form an optically transparent gel-polymer. The electrolyte according to the invention can be used in electrochromic devices and other optical-electrochemical devices as well as in devices for storing electrical energy (such as batteries, supercapacitors and hybrid power storage devices), thus replacing conventional water-based electrolytes.