A lithium secondary battery pack of the present invention includes: a lithium secondary battery including an electrode body formed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode facing each other and a separator interposed therebetween, and a non-aqueous electrolyte; a PTC element; and a protection circuit including a field effect transistor. The lithium secondary battery has an energy density per volume of 450 Wh/L or more, the lithium secondary battery has a current density of 3.0 mA/cm.sup.2 or less, and a relational expression (1) and a relational expression (2) below are established where A (mΩ) is an impedance of the lithium secondary battery and B (mΩ) is an impedance of the entire circuit unit of the lithium secondary battery pack excepting the impedance A (mΩ) of the lithium secondary battery:
A≤50 mΩ  (1)
B/A≤1  (2).

A vehicle includes a vehicle battery; a vehicle sensor configured to detect a current, a voltage and a temperature of the vehicle battery; and an alternator configured to output a target voltage to the vehicle battery. A controller is configured to calculate state of charge (SOC) estimation based on the current, voltage and temperature of the vehicle battery, calculate an initial SOC based on a direct current internal resistance (DCIR) map and apply the initial SOC to the SOC estimation, when an open circuit voltage (OCV) is maintained in a predetermined range after engine-off, and adjust an available SOC range based on a difference between an actual battery charge current amount, to which the initial SOC is applied, and the calculated SOC estimation.

A control apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes a storage battery that stores therein electric power that is supplied from an external power supply apparatus and a rotating electric machine that is driven by electric power from the storage battery. The control apparatus includes a temperature adjusting unit that adjusts a temperature of the storage battery. The temperature adjusting unit performs an internal temperature adjustment process that is a process for adjusting the temperature of the storage battery using energy other than the electric power supplied from the power supply apparatus.

A control apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes a storage battery that stores therein electric power that is supplied from an external power supply apparatus and a rotating electric machine that is driven by electric power from the storage battery. The control apparatus includes a temperature adjusting unit that adjusts a temperature of the storage battery. The temperature adjusting unit performs an internal temperature adjustment process that is a process for adjusting the temperature of the storage battery using energy other than the electric power supplied from the power supply apparatus.

A charging dock applied in an intelligence loudspeaker box, includes a shell, a battery module and a charging cable. The intelligence loudspeaker box has a charging hole. A top surface of the shell is recessed downward to form a receiving space equipped with a pogo pin connector. The intelligence loudspeaker box is received in the receiving groove. One end of the pogo pin connector is connected to the intelligence loudspeaker box. The battery module is disposed in the shell. The battery module includes a circuit board. A top surface of the circuit board is equipped with a docking element. The docking element is connected to the other end of the pogo pin connector. One end of the charging cable is connected to the charging hole, and the other end of the charging cable is connected to a power unit.

A battery charger system includes a first circuit configured to connect to a power bus and a second set of battery cells, and a second circuit configured to connect to the power bus and a first set of battery cells. The first circuit including a first switch to electrically connect or disconnect the first circuit to the power bus and the second set of battery cells. The second circuit includes a second switch to electrically connect or disconnect the second circuit to the power bus and the first set of battery cells. The system includes a third circuit configured to connect the first set of battery cells to the second set of battery cells. The third circuit includes a third switch to electrically connect or disconnect the first set of battery cells to the second set of battery cells. A battery charger process and an aircraft-based power system is disclosed as well.

A battery charger system includes a first circuit configured to connect to a power bus and a second set of battery cells, and a second circuit configured to connect to the power bus and a first set of battery cells. The first circuit including a first switch to electrically connect or disconnect the first circuit to the power bus and the second set of battery cells. The second circuit includes a second switch to electrically connect or disconnect the second circuit to the power bus and the first set of battery cells. The system includes a third circuit configured to connect the first set of battery cells to the second set of battery cells. The third circuit includes a third switch to electrically connect or disconnect the first set of battery cells to the second set of battery cells. A battery charger process and an aircraft-based power system is disclosed as well.

An electric vehicle includes a wheel, an electric motor to drive the wheel, a battery to supply electric power to the electric motor, the battery including battery cells and a battery casing to house the battery cells, an onboard charger to charge the battery, the onboard charger being opposed to and spaced apart from an outer surface of the battery casing so that an air flow path exists between the onboard charger and the outer surface of the battery casing, and a cooling fan to generate a flow of air passing through the air flow path between the onboard charger and the battery casing.

An electric vehicle includes a wheel, an electric motor to drive the wheel, a battery to supply electric power to the electric motor, the battery including battery cells and a battery casing to house the battery cells, an onboard charger to charge the battery, the onboard charger being opposed to and spaced apart from an outer surface of the battery casing so that an air flow path exists between the onboard charger and the outer surface of the battery casing, and a cooling fan to generate a flow of air passing through the air flow path between the onboard charger and the battery casing.

Disclosed herein are a vehicle or other system battery with a self-contained backup capability and a method for providing power to a vehicle using the vehicle or other system battery with a self-contained backup capability. In one aspect, the vehicle battery comprises, a main battery portion, a backup battery portion, and a control device for selectively communicating a transfer of energy from the backup battery portion to the main battery portion when a voltage level or other health indicator of the main battery portion is determined to be below a reference voltage threshold, wherein the main battery portion and backup battery portion are each re-chargeable via an alternator of the vehicle when the control device communicates the transfer of energy between the main battery portion and the backup battery portion.