A novel adsorbent and contactor material based on polymer functionalized with amidoxime and alkylamines moieties. Methods of making the material are also described. The material can be easily processed into any desired sorbent geometry such as solid fibers, electrospun fibers, hollow fibers, monoliths, etc. The adsorbent exhibits a very high affinity toward acidic gases such CO.sub.2 and can be used in direct air capture, power plant-based CO.sub.2 capture, and industrial CO.sub.2 capture applications. The material can also serve as a contactor that accommodates other adsorbents within its structure.

A novel adsorbent and contactor material based on polymer functionalized with amidoxime and alkylamines moieties. Methods of making the material are also described. The material can be easily processed into any desired sorbent geometry such as solid fibers, electrospun fibers, hollow fibers, monoliths, etc. The adsorbent exhibits a very high affinity toward acidic gases such CO.sub.2 and can be used in direct air capture, power plant-based CO.sub.2 capture, and industrial CO.sub.2 capture applications. The material can also serve as a contactor that accommodates other adsorbents within its structure.

A system and method of estimating the state of health of an all-solid-state battery are provided to detect the amount of hydrogen sulfide that is generated in all-solid-state battery cells and using the amount as a factor for estimating the state of health of the battery. The method of estimating a state of health (SOH) of an all-solid-state battery includes detecting whether hydrogen sulfide is generated in each cell of the all-solid-state battery, and estimating the state of health of the all-solid-state battery corresponding to an amount or an increase rate of generated hydrogen sulfide based on data prepared in advance.

Proposed is a secondary battery including an electrode assembly, an electrode assembly, a plate disposed on both sides of the electrode assembly, and a pouch film coupled to the plate and accommodating the electrode assembly. The secondary battery has a structure in which the pouch film seals the outer edges of the plate to accommodate the electrode assembly, so that no cup is formed in the process of forming of the pouch film. As a result, there is no limit to the increase in thickness of the electrode assembly, thereby increasing the energy density per volume of the battery.

The power supply device including: a plurality of secondary battery cells each including a gas discharge valve for discharging internal gas; a plurality of voltage detection lines for detecting voltage of the corresponding plurality of secondary battery cells; a plurality of current fuses provided in the respective plurality of voltage detection lines to shut off current flow when currents flowing through the respective voltage detection lines exceed a predetermined value; and gas guide path communicating with the gas discharge valve to discharge gas discharged from the gas discharge valve to the outside. At least one of the plurality of current fuses is disposed in gas guide path, and is composed of thermal fuse that shuts off current flow depending on temperature of the gas discharged from the gas discharge valve.

The power supply device including: a plurality of secondary battery cells each including a gas discharge valve for discharging internal gas; a plurality of voltage detection lines for detecting voltage of the corresponding plurality of secondary battery cells; a plurality of current fuses provided in the respective plurality of voltage detection lines to shut off current flow when currents flowing through the respective voltage detection lines exceed a predetermined value; and gas guide path communicating with the gas discharge valve to discharge gas discharged from the gas discharge valve to the outside. At least one of the plurality of current fuses is disposed in gas guide path, and is composed of thermal fuse that shuts off current flow depending on temperature of the gas discharged from the gas discharge valve.

A method for preparing a sulfur-carbon composite including: (a) stirring a porous carbon material in a solvent mixture including a carbonate-based compound and a volatile solvent and then drying; and (b) mixing the dried porous carbon material with sulfur and then depositing the sulfur in and on the porous carbon material by a heat melting method. A method for preparing a sulfur-carbon composite including: (a) mixing and stirring a porous carbon material and sulfur in a solvent mixture including a carbonate-based compound and a volatile solvent and then drying; and (b) depositing the sulfur in and on the porous carbon material by a heat melting method. In the sulfur-carbon composite, sulfur present in and on the porous carbon material, a proportion of β-monoclinic sulfur phase to sulfur contained in the sulfur-carbon composite is 90% or more based on a total molar ratio of sulfur.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

A charging and discharging device including a plurality of pressing plates and at least one spacer for supporting a gas pocket of a battery cell to prevent gas pocket interference between battery cells and increase the space utilization rate of the gas pocket during the formation process of the battery cell.