A series-parallel battery system with a buffer resistor coupled to each junction of batteries or battery cells. Buffer resistors on the same row are coupled to a measurement node. Terminals of the battery system and the measurement nodes are treated as measurement points that are coupled to a conventional battery management unit. The buffer resistors provide a means for limiting in-rush current and a means for maintaining voltage balance across the row of batteries in the parallel columns of batteries. A control unit in series with each series of batteries monitors current in the series and comprises a switch to deactivate the column when the current exceeds a set of predetermined current levels.

A method manages a power train of a motor vehicle including a heat engine and an electric motor electrically linked to a power battery. The method includes controlling a heating system for heating the power battery according to at least one measurement of a temperature representative of an operation of the heat engine.

A battery module and a method of assembling a battery module are provided. The method includes selectively applying a light-cure adhesive to recesses in a first side of a carrier layer and inserting battery cells into respective recesses. The method further includes exposing the first side of the carrier layer to light to at least partially cure the light-cure adhesive with the carrier layer in a first orientation, moving the carrier layer into a second orientation, and exposing a second opposite side of the carrier layer to light to fully cure the light-cure adhesive. The recesses may include a sidewall having crush points spaced apart along the sidewall and a bottom portion having an opening between a pair of crush points, where adhesive is not disposed between the pair of crush points.

The present invention relates to a pouch type secondary battery comprising a safety member, such as dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-one, between an external pouch and an internal pouch, wherein the safety member allows the cell temperature to be kept low or enables extinguishing at the time of cell ignition, and has an effect of improving the suppression of moisture permeation.

The present invention relates to a pouch type secondary battery comprising a safety member, such as dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-one, between an external pouch and an internal pouch, wherein the safety member allows the cell temperature to be kept low or enables extinguishing at the time of cell ignition, and has an effect of improving the suppression of moisture permeation.

A system for conditioning and moving a fluid can include a thermoelectric device comprising a first side and a second side, the first side configured to heat or cool the fluid with electrical current applied to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a fluid conduit configured to allow a fluid to flow therein and to transfer the fluid into being in thermal communication with the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flow control device in fluid communication with the thermoelectric device, the flow control device configured to direct the fluid in the fluid conduit with respect to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flapper valve configured to move relative to the thermoelectric device to at least partially block flow of the fluid through a portion of the fluid conduit.

A system for conditioning and moving a fluid can include a thermoelectric device comprising a first side and a second side, the first side configured to heat or cool the fluid with electrical current applied to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a fluid conduit configured to allow a fluid to flow therein and to transfer the fluid into being in thermal communication with the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flow control device in fluid communication with the thermoelectric device, the flow control device configured to direct the fluid in the fluid conduit with respect to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flapper valve configured to move relative to the thermoelectric device to at least partially block flow of the fluid through a portion of the fluid conduit.

A method of operating a heat transfer system includes circulating a heat transfer fluid through a heat transfer circuit in fluid communication with an electric system, and obtaining real-time measurements of fluid properties of the heat transfer fluid. A dimensional effectiveness factor for the heat transfer fluid (DEF.sub.fluid) is calculated based on the fluid properties and for a selected pump and a selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit, and a dimensional effectiveness factor for a reference fluid (DEF.sub.reference) is calculated for the selected pump and the selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit. A normalized effectiveness factor (NEF.sub.fluid) of the heat transfer fluid is then obtained, whereby a health of the heat transfer fluid is obtained. If the NEF.sub.fluid is below a predetermined threshold, the health will be considered deteriorated, and if the NEF.sub.fluid is above the predetermined threshold, the health will be considered viable.

A method of operating a heat transfer system includes circulating a heat transfer fluid through a heat transfer circuit in fluid communication with an electric system, and obtaining real-time measurements of fluid properties of the heat transfer fluid. A dimensional effectiveness factor for the heat transfer fluid (DEF.sub.fluid) is calculated based on the fluid properties and for a selected pump and a selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit, and a dimensional effectiveness factor for a reference fluid (DEF.sub.reference) is calculated for the selected pump and the selected dominant flow regime within the heat transfer circuit. A normalized effectiveness factor (NEF.sub.fluid) of the heat transfer fluid is then obtained, whereby a health of the heat transfer fluid is obtained. If the NEF.sub.fluid is below a predetermined threshold, the health will be considered deteriorated, and if the NEF.sub.fluid is above the predetermined threshold, the health will be considered viable.

A battery system capable of cooling overheated battery packs among a plurality battery packs each mounted in a battery case by measuring temperatures of the battery packs is disclosed, and a driving method thereof is provided. In one embodiment, the battery system includes a plurality of battery packs, an air compressor for supplying a compressed cooling air to the plurality of battery packs, a gas dividing unit coupled between the plurality of battery packs and the air compressor and including a plurality of valves, and a controller for controlling opening and closing of each of the plurality of valves according to temperatures of the plurality of battery packs.