The present disclosure relates to establishment of communication between a computing devices and a gateway via a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a base station, wherein a communication channel is initially established between the computing device and the base station, based on which the MME performs authentication of the computing device and also creates an Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer between the computing device and the gateway.

In order to enable, even when there exist a plurality of apparatuses configured to perform processing of an upper layer of the transport layer for one apparatus configured to perform processing of the transport layer or a lower layer, reliable communication with each of the apparatuses configured to perform the processing of the upper layer, via the transport layer, an apparatus includes a generating section 141 configured to generate a transport layer packet including identification information in a packet region different from a service data unit, the identification information being used in an upper layer of a transport layer, and a transmission processing section 143 configured to transmit the transport layer packet.

A server associated with a core network may include a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to, generate a list of preferred instances of a first network function, transmit the list of the preferred instances to a server associated with a third network function, and receive a request to establish a communication session with a selected instance selected from the list of the preferred instances, if the server is associated with a selected instance of a second network function associated with the selected instance of the first network function.

A network device can receive a request from an application server for availability information associated with a response period in which a user equipment is responsive to communications. The network device can send a status query related to the user equipment to a radio access network controller device that processes signals between the user equipment and a mobile network core device. The network device can receive the availability information from the radio access network controller device and transmit a notification message to the application server that indicates the response period.

Various solutions for coverage extension allowing improved high-frequency and high-data-rate cellular coverage of devices located in conditions of poor network coverage in mobile communications are described. The described solutions may extend coverage, for example, via a sidelink interface between two mobile devices, a relay device in good coverage and a remote device that may be in poor coverage, thus allowing the remote device to communicate using the relay device as a backhaul link to a cellular network.

Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for the provisioning of backhaul links over a 5G N R (New Radio) integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network for access nodes using non-5G radio access technologies. In this way, the IAB network can service devices that are connected to the core network via older 3GPP technologies, or even non-3GPP technologies such as Wi-Fi. An IAB mobile terminal can be provided at the end point access node to make the access node an IAB node. Using an existing internet protocol (IP) routing in the IAB network, or providing for an IP tunnel between the endpoint access node and the core network can then facilitate providing backhaul services for the non-5G access node.

Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for the provisioning of backhaul links over a 5G N R (New Radio) integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network for access nodes using non-5G radio access technologies. In this way, the IAB network can service devices that are connected to the core network via older 3GPP technologies, or even non-3GPP technologies such as Wi-Fi. An IAB mobile terminal can be provided at the end point access node to make the access node an IAB node. Using an existing internet protocol (IP) routing in the IAB network, or providing for an IP tunnel between the endpoint access node and the core network can then facilitate providing backhaul services for the non-5G access node.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. An access device in a network of access devices may determine that a wireless device is in a coverage area of one of the access devices based on a coverage pattern of the access devices and a sensor coupled with the access device. The access device may estimate a trajectory of the wireless device based on information obtained by the sensor. After estimating the trajectory of the wireless device, the access device may transmit an indication to one or more of the other access devices to enter (or remain in) an active state based on the trajectory of the wireless device and the coverage pattern. The indication may also include a set of beams for the other access device to activate.

A 5G Fixed Mobile Interworking Function Database entity, FMIF-DB, in a system including a Wireline 5G Access Network, W-5GAN, connects to a Fixed Network Residential Gateway, FN-RG, the W-5GAN including a Wireline Access Node, AN, and a 5G Fixed Mobile Interworking Function, FMIF. The FMIF connects to Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF, and to an User Plane Function, UPF, and the FMIF DN. The wireline Access Node, couples to a Fixed Network Residential Gateway, FN-RG providing services such as TV, Internet and voice, the database apparatus being adapted for holding—User entity, UE, credentials for providing an identity of an FN-RG as a User Entity, UE, and—UE configuration data for the FN-RG.

An MEC node, by analyzing signaling information transmitted between each of a plurality of eNBs and an MME, collects at least one of information indicating a mobility state and information indicating a communication state of a UE present within cells of the plurality of base stations. The MEC node decides a paging range based on the information collected as above upon receiving a paging message for paging the UE, the paging message having been transmitted by MME to one or more eNBs in accordance with a predetermined paging policy. The MEC node transmits a paging message for paging the UE to each eNB present in the decided paging range.